The Transportation System, By Edward Humes The...

The Transportation System In a world aligned by the dynamics of technological advancements, it is hard to talk about efficient movement without mentioning how transportation dominates our daily involvement and activities. A lot of effort goes into the art of moving things and our bodies from one place to another. In the book â€Å"Door to Door: The Magnificent, Maddening, and Mysterious World of Transportation† by Edward Humes, the author asserts that we all live in a door to door world with hundreds of thousands miles embedded in things we do or come into contact with. The complexity of transportation according to him, is what man is doing to avoid risks, costs, save time, defying all odds to make timely delivery and affordable products and†¦show more content†¦The use of Smartphones has also brought about a population that wants things done instantly. A revealing look at the reality and impact of our â€Å"buy-it-now, same-day-delivery, traffic-packed world† (Humes, 2016. p 37) Howeve r, Smartphones are also considered disruptors or reducers since they have enhanced the substitution of news-paper to digital news. Previously, newspapers would have been transported by road or rail which involved a few logistics such as involvement of fuel for transport, use of carbon paper for printing besides delay in timely delivery. This is not an exception for music and books which are now readily available at a click on the phone. â€Å"Smartphones have become the Swiss Army knives of the tech world, displacing a host of specialized devices: music players, alarm clocks, radios, cameras, calculators, tape recorders, GPS navigation devices, calendars, date books, Rolodexes, handheld gaming devices, metronomes, egg timers, flashlights† (Humes, 2016. p 21). This is in contrast with the consumer location for commodities globally which was centralized initially and was limited to a specific geographical area and regional products. Today, one is spoilt for choice and can shop from food to clothing at the comfort of their homes without having t worry about transportation. Whether Smartphones are evil in themselves is a

The Influence of the Populist Platform on America

After the civil war, especially during the late 1800s, the US industrial economy has been thriving and booming which reflected on the numerous improvements that occurred in transportation through new railroad, in new markets for new invented goods and in the increased farm yield. However, most of this wealth has been captured by the capitalists, they looked down on the working poor class and expected them to submit to them. Also, they had control over the government seeking to maintain a system of monopoly to allow them to grow richer from others. Thus, they were controlling both political and economic conditions of the country. Nevertheless, this social injustice was the reason that leads to the farmers’ Revolt, seeking to remedy their†¦show more content†¦These events and conditions were the reason behind the foundation of the populist’s party and their platform. They declared â€Å" that this republic can only endure as a free government while built upon the love of the whole people for each other and for the nation.†(Populist party platform, 1892) They believed that they would be able to correct the wrong and bring back the power of the government to the people, and put end to the poverty through the platform they issued. Through the platform, they provided solutions to both economical and political problems. To begin with, they called for creating unions to defend the producing class and the labor to protect them and giving them back their stolen rights. Also, they declared that â€Å" wealth belongs to him creates it† and any other sources of income are counted as r obbery. In addition, the populist’s party regarded the railroads as a public corporation not to be owned privately to prevent any monopoly or increase in the costs to protect these poor farmers from exploitation. They called for the a safe, flexible, national currency to be issued by the government as well as free coinage of silver and gold in a ratio of 16:1. Regarding the taxes they demanded it would not exceed the 2 percentile per year and it should be graduated according to the income, so the richShow MoreRelatedShort and Long Term Influence of the Populist Party on American Politics738 Words   |  3 PagesShort and long term influence of Populist Party In the very early 1890s, a union of farmers, workers, and middle class protestors established an autonomous political party called peoples party, likewise referred to as the Populist Party. This political party was the outcome of a broad social movement that materialized in reaction to wrenching modifications in the American economy as well as society. In the years after the Civil warfare, the telegraph and telephone suggested that info that had actuallyRead MoreSignificance Of The Presidential Election Of 18921577 Words   |  7 Pagesmainly on the influence of one particular candidate from the Populist Party, James B. Weaver, as he won several electoral votes but will also include John Bidwell of the Prohibition Party who also drew in votes, although he did not gain an electoral vote. The candidate from the Socialist Labor Party will be excluded from the investigation as he did not play a significant role in the election. A focus of the investigation will be of the political views of those associated with the Populist party and SocialistRead MoreNationalism And The National Mold Of The Majority Faction957 Words   |  4 PagesEurope) and economic struggles, mainly for the middle class. These factors created an environment ripe for nationalist sentiment and a desire to return to â€Å"how it used to be.† Much to the Western world’s surprise, nationalism proved its significant influence in two recent elections, Donald Trump’s Republican nomination (almost) for president, and the Brexit vote in Great Britain. Stark similarities exist in both nationalistic elections, from methods of garnering support, to passionate state-based rhetoricRead MoreGlobalization Is The Single Most Important Development Of Geopolitical Affairs Post Wwii?1336 Words   |  6 PagesGlobalization is perhaps the single most important development in geopolitical affairs post-WWII, affecting the state in a forceful and wide ranging manner. These effects can be seen wit h the rise of populism in America and Europe, the proliferation of free trade agreements, and the progression of technologies such as the internet. With these long term trends, it is evident that the power of the state over its populace has weakened profoundly. There are numerous current or recent events that serveRead MoreProgressives versus Populists 522 Words   |  2 PagesThe onset 20th Century holds two main movements: The Populists and The Progressives. These two parties are similar, but their policies and philosophies hold diversities. The Populists party comprises of farmers and poor whites in the south; they focus on eastern interests i.e. railroads and banks. The Populists also call for government action, to intervene and to create an efficient society which includes a flourishing middle class. The Progressives include educated middle class men and men ofRead MorePopulist and Progressive Reform in American History1763 Words   |  8 PagesPopulist and Progressive Refo rm in American History Throughout American history, reform was common among people of a particular, race, gender, or class used to accomplish change. The emergence of the populist and progressive movements were a response to the changing climate in American society due to rapid industrialization, an ethnically diverse personality of a young nation, and birth of American imperialism. Disgruntled American farmers that wished to advance their economic position initiatedRead MoreThe Measure Of Freedom And Equality1405 Words   |  6 Pagescorruption. America was growing country faced with the hard ships and challenges such as depressions and political turmoil, but its democratic standpoint allowed new opportunities for people in and out of America. The Civil War was a turning point in the nations development of democracy, which was a revolution of its own. Although hundreds of thousands American lives were lost, the Civil War provided America an opportunity to reform itself and potentially compensate for all the dark areas in America s historyRead MoreWhat It Means To Be An American Essay1233 Words   |  5 Pagesresides in this land. No, it asks what the identity of an American is? Through popular, art, film, and literature, the American image is defined as being based on embracing our individual identities. Movies are a perfect way to express the image of America. Movies are the mixture of art, music, and literature, containing words like a book, sounds like music, and images like art. This trinity of expression helps illustrate the picture of the individual. The western genre of film is a perfect exampleRead More Power Struggles in Capitalist Democracies and the Fate of American Labor Unions3481 Words   |  14 Pagesand their collective an intensely political organization. Thus, there was a development of class unity and consciousness. After the voting right is gained in Europe, these organizations evolved into competent and tightly organized labor parties. In America, however, this was never the case. With a tradition of compromising and bargaining with the elites (for reasons both stated earlier and will be explained below), the American labor class has always been divided amongst trade and ethnicity lines, eachRead MorePresident Donald J. Trump Essay1711 Words   |  7 Pagesmedi a, has no working military or political experience. Thus it is my belief that the policies of the US will be driven by the experience of the executive cabinet and the general directives of President-elect Trump. The president-elect ran on a populist platform touting opposition on illegal immigration, Current international trade agreements like the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) (Emery Jr., 2016) and a reversal, opposition of current policy, of

Is Abortion Murder or a Life-Saver free essay sample

Even in some of these cases abortion is not okay because adoption is always available if you cannot handle a child. Everyone has their own opinions and mine is that I’m â€Å"Pro-Choice†. Meaning that I’m not fully against abortion, but I’m not fully for it. I believe that it’s your own decision what happens to your child. According to State Health Facts. org, 17% of people in the United States that have had an abortion have been under the age of nineteen. Often times people at this young age feel that they are not quite ready to give birth to and take care of a whole other human being. Other times parents get involved, not allowing their children to have abortions and allowing their children to have abortions and decide to raise the child as their own which causes them unnecessary stress that may reflect on the child’s upbringing. Every so often a child is consumed because of an unfortunate event where a woman has been raped. â€Å"The national rape-related pregnancy rate is 5% per rape among victims of reproductive age (12 to 45); among adult women an estimated 32,101 pregnancies result from rape each year. † This is why I believe that in certain cases the circumstances vary and should be taken into serious consideration. It is in fact murder, but sometimes abortion can be the better option. When a child that is unwanted is born, occasionally it will end up being mistreated, unloved or abused. A child that is neglected by its parents won’t be able to grow up and become a healthy, happy adult. â€Å"Every year over three million reports of child abuse are made in the United States involving nearly six million children. †(Childhelp) Neglect causes 78. 3 % of all child abuse. Just the feeling of being unloved can cause that child to make choices that could hurt themselves or others around them. This is why I’m pro-choice. I’m not totally against abortion (pro-life), but I am also not fully for abortion. I believe that it all depends on the kind of environment the child will be born into. Often times some women who are pregnant abort their child so that they don’t â€Å"look bad†. Many women decide that they do not want to have a child because of all the side effects and difficulties that go along with child birth. Other women have abortions because they are sick or unhealthy and don’t want to pass it down to the child. Being pro-choice in this case makes me think that these women are making this choice with haste and not thinking about the long term consequences. Being pro-choice also makes me think that they are making the right choice for their own lives by thinking about what’s best for them over what’s best for them over what’s best for the child. Some women feel that if they don’t have an abortion the child may have to be put in an orphanage because she can’t afford to take care of them. Over five hundred thousand children were in the U. S. foster care system on September 30th, 2005. (Foster Care Alumni) These children could have been adopted and always wonder if they weren’t good enough or will stay in the orphanage, unloved and unwanted; neither of these options all appealing to young parents. The thought of not being able to provide for their child scares them and causes them to feel that abortion is a better answer. This feeling isn’t unusual, many women feel this way. They think about the up sides to giving their child up for adoption instead of abortion such as getting the chance to watch them grow up and having a good life. People make decisions based on what they believe will be the easiest but abortion is not a matter to be taken lightly. It takes time to decide what is best for everyone that it will affect. Often times women aren’t ready to have and to provide for a child so they abort it. Many women have abortions because of an unwanted child cause by rape, but even in terrible cases like rape if you cannot handle keeping the child adoption is always a better option than abortion. On the other hand, a child that will be unwanted, unloved, mistreated or abused should be placed in a safe environment whether that means it’s actually born or not. Some people might call it selfish but it’s the mother’s choice since it is her life, her body and her unborn child. Perhaps a woman is too sick for a child birth and will die unless she has an abortion. 5% of women who have abortions do it because they are homeless and can’t afford children. In some cases I believe abortion is wrong but in other cases I think it’s the better choice. This is why I’m pro-choice, meaning I’m not fully against abortion and I’m also not fully for it. I believe it’s your life therefor, your choices. Is abortion murder or a life-saver? Jacqu eline Paziuk Bibliography: http://www. fostercarealumni. org/resources/foster_care_facts_and_statistics. htm http://www. ncregister. com/blog/danielle-bean/mom_so_sick_she_chooses_abortion http://articles. latimes. om/2012/aug/23/news/la-pn-statistics-on-rape-and-pregnancy-are-complicated-20120822 http://www. policyalmanac. org/culture/archive/abortion_statistics. shtml http://www. statehealthfacts. org/comparemaptable. jsp? typ=2amp;ind=464amp;cat=10amp;sub=111amp;sortc=1amp;o=a http://www. ncregister. com/blog/danielle-bean/mom_so_sick_she_chooses_abortion http://www. guttmacher. org/pubs/journals/3711005. html http://www. nationalchildrensalliance. com/nca/pubs/2003/Children_in_Care_March_2003. pdf https://www. childwelfare. gov/pubs/factsheets/foster. cfm http://www. gargaro. com/healthproblems. html

Should Chinas Human Rights Record Prevent Permanen Essay Example For Students

Should Chinas Human Rights Record Prevent Permanen Essay t Normal Trade Relations Background Since the initial warming of U.S.-China relations in the early 1970s, policymakers have had difficulty balancing conflicting U.S. policy concerns in the Peoples Republic of China. From Nixon to Clinton, presidents have had to reconcile security and human rights concerns with corporations desires for expanded economic relations between the two countries. While the U.S. regularly objects to Chinas human rights violations, the Chinese government counters with complaints that the American concerns represent unwarranted American intrusion into its internal affairs. In 1989 the Tiananmen Square massacre drew public attention to the inconsistent character of U.S. -China policy. A wave of public indignation with Chinas repressive practices forced the Bush administration to adopt a sterner posture toward human rights violations and to impose sanctions, including restrictions on bilateral and multilateral aid. But these measures have not satisfied some critics of Chinas human rights practices, who contend that the U.S. should apply even more rigid trade restrictions against China. Specifically, some critics insist that the U. S. government not give China permanent normal trade relations status, which would free Chinas government from an annual review of its human rights record by Congress. Many critics say PNTR standing should be linked to improvements in Chinas human and labor rights practices a policy that has been rejected by the Clinton administration. Rather than denying China normal trading status because of human rights violations, the Clinton administration has opted for a policy of comprehensive engagement, which holds that long-term U.S. goals such as human rights improvement are more likely to be achieved through sustained contact and open trading than by further isolating China. Yet Chinese human rights practices, including respect for political and labor rights, continue to fall well below internationally accepted standards. In perhaps the stickiest issue, the White House warned last week that there was little chance of PNTR for China without legislation setting up a watchdog commission to monitor Beijings human rights practices. China, however opposes any plans by the U.S. to monitor human rights as a condition to granting PNTR. American businesses should not be coddled at the expense of human rights. Despite expressions of concern for human rights conditions, the U.S. government has allowed narrow economic interests, particularly those of corporate investors, to guide its China policy. So far, the U.S. government has been unwilling to jeopardize U. S. economic relations by adopting stricter human rights conditions on aid and trade. Chinas trade status is currently reviewed annually by Congress. By establishing permanent normal trade relations and doing away with the annual vote, the U.S. will give up its leverage over Chinas human rights policies. Permanent normal relations should not be granted until long-term progress is made on human rights in China. The United States government has no authority to sit in judgment on the human rights records of other governments, especially given the U.S. governments own complicity in some human rights violations in foreign lands. You dont have to embrace a government or its policies to engage in trade. If trade were a beauty contest, wed trade only with a small group of nations that mirror our own society, and would be in a virtual cold war with the rest. Furthermore, U.S. imposed trade barriers are unlikely to change the policies of Chinas communist leaders. The most powerful force for labor, human rights, and the environment is economic liberalization and global market forces. Growth and rising income give workers the chance to improve their lives. In 1994 President Clinton officially delinked trade and human rights in China. .ud66f99b9ec1545630b177794368ffac1 , .ud66f99b9ec1545630b177794368ffac1 .postImageUrl , .ud66f99b9ec1545630b177794368ffac1 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ud66f99b9ec1545630b177794368ffac1 , .ud66f99b9ec1545630b177794368ffac1:hover , .ud66f99b9ec1545630b177794368ffac1:visited , .ud66f99b9ec1545630b177794368ffac1:active { border:0!important; } .ud66f99b9ec1545630b177794368ffac1 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ud66f99b9ec1545630b177794368ffac1 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ud66f99b9ec1545630b177794368ffac1:active , .ud66f99b9ec1545630b177794368ffac1:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ud66f99b9ec1545630b177794368ffac1 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ud66f99b9ec1545630b177794368ffac1 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ud66f99b9ec1545630b177794368ffac1 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ud66f99b9ec1545630b177794368ffac1 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud66f99b9ec1545630b177794368ffac1:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ud66f99b9ec1545630b177794368ffac1 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ud66f99b9ec1545630b177794368ffac1 .ud66f99b9ec1545630b177794368ffac1-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ud66f99b9ec1545630b177794368ffac1:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: A Day to Rejoice Essay According to Human Rights Watch, every year since delinkage, human rights conditions in China have gotten worse. According to Amnesty Internationals 1999 China Report: Hundreds, possibly thousands, of activists and suspected opponents of the government were detained during the year. Thousands of political prisoners jailed in previous years remained imprisoned. Some had been sentenced after unfair trials, others were still held without charge or trial. .. .Torture and ill-treatment remained endemic, in some cases resulting in death. According to the U.S. State Departments 1998 China Human Rights Report: The Government continued to commit widespread and well-documented human rights abuses, in violation of internationally accepted norms. . .Abuses included instances of extrajudicial killings, torture, and mistreatment of .

Tutankhamen As A Teacher Essays - Egyptian Mythology,

Tutankhamen As A Teacher Tutankhamen as a Teacher What does the tomb of Tutankhamen and its contents show about the Egyptian concern for the afterlife? Tutakhamen's tomb, and the artifacts inside are an indication of the concern the Ancient Egyptians held for the after-life of their king. On the 26th of Nov. 1922, the English archaeologist Howard Carter opened the virtually intact tomb of a largely unknown pharaoh, Tutankhamen. This was the first, and the finest royal tomb found in the history of Egyptology. It took almost a decade of meticulous and painstaking work to empty the tomb of Tutankhamen. Around 3500 individual items were recovered. When the Burial Chamber of Tutankhamen was officially opened, on 17 February 1923, the Antechamber had been emptied. It had taken near fifty days to empty the Antechamber; the time required to dismantle and restore the contents of the Burial Chamber including the gilded wooden and the sarcophagus was to be greater, and the work was not completed until November 1930, eight years after the original discovery. One must examine both the tomb itself, and its contents, to see the connection between the tombs and burial rituals and the doctrine of eternal life. The royal tombs were not merely homes in the hereafter for the kings, as are the private tombs of commoners and nobility. Instead the tombs are cosmological vehicles of rebirth and deification as much as houses of eternity. As the king is supposed to become Osiris in a far more intimate way than co mmoners, he is equipped with his very own Underworld. And as the king is supposed to become R? in a way entirely unavailable to commoners, he is equipped with his very own passage of the sun, whether this is thought of as the way through the underworld or through the heavens. Tutankhamon's tomb, hurriedly prepared for the premature death of the king at the age of only about 18, is, as Romer says, a hole in the ground, compared to a proper royal tomb. The theme of fours is conspicuous in Egyptian religious practice. Tutankhamon's tomb contains four chambers. The burial chamber, with a ritual if not an actual orientation towards the West, is the chamber of departure towards the funeral destinies. The internment of the body certainly is the beginning of the sojourn of the dead, and the Egyptians saw the dead as departing into the West. The room called the Treasury is then interpreted to have a ritual orientation towards the North as the chamber of reconstitution of the body. Since the most conspicuous object in the Treasury was a great gilt sledge holding the shrine containing the canopic chest, which holds the king's, viscera, this could well suggest the problem of reassembling the king's living body. That task, indeed, has a very important place in Egyptian mythology. After the goddess Isis had retrieved her husband Osiris's murdered body from Byblos, their common brother, Seth, the original murderer, stole the body, cut it into pieces, and tossed them in the Nile. Isis then had to retrieve the parts of the body before Osiris could be restored to life. Her search through the Delta, which is in the North of Egypt, seems to parallel the sacred pilgrimage to cities of the Delta that Desroches-Noblecourt relates as one of ritual acts of the funeral, as many of the other objects in the Treasury seem to be accessories for that pilgrimage. For the sovereign to be reborn it was necessary that a symbolic pilgrimage be made to the holy cities of the delta. The principal halts of the journey corresponded almost exactly to the four cardinal points of the delta where these cities were situated. Sais, to the west, represented the necropolis where the body was buried; Buto to the north, with its famous canal, was an essential stage of the transformations within the aquatic world of the primordial abyss, evoking the water surrounding the unborn child; and Mendes to the east whose name could be written with the two pillars of Osiris, the djed pillars, evoking the concept of air. There, said the old texts, the gods Shu and Tefenet were reunited, or again, according to the 17th chapter of The

The Google Story †How Google was Started.

The Google Story – How Google was Started. Free Online Research Papers Google is a company that was conceptualized in a dorm room by two Stanford University college students in 1996 (Arnold, 2005, p. 1) and has morphed into one of the greatest technological powerhouses in operation today. What began as merely a means to analyze and categorize Web sites according to their relevance has developed into a vast library of widely utilized resources, including email servicing, calendaring, instant messaging and photo editing, just to reference a few. Recent statistics collected by SearchEngineWatch.com reflects that of the 10 billion searches performed within the United States during the month of February, 2008, an impressive 5.9 billion of them were executed by Google (Burns, 2008). Rated as Fortune Magazine’s top American company to work for in both 2007 (â€Å"100 Best†, 2007)and 2008 (â€Å"100 Best†, 2008), Google obviously has curbed the market on fair and friendly treatment of its employees. But how does it measure up when one c onsiders the ethics in relation to its business practices? The purpose of this paper is to identify and evaluate the ethical concerns specific to privacy faced by this herculean computing company and to determine the effectiveness of their treatment of these issues. Google opens their corporate code of ethics with a simple sentence â€Å"Don’t be evil† (Google Code of Conduct,  ¶1). This statement is consistent with the theory of virtue ethics, placing emphasis on the importance of developing to the highest potential. They may not necessarily be considered evil, but Google does engage in practices that are certainly vague and could be considered disreputable. Google’s questionable corporate policies in relation to privacy have long been a subject of contention amongst consumer privacy groups and computing organizations. Google’s privacy policy relies strongly on the impression that everything they do is for the sole purpose of improving service. Multiple references are made to their goal of improved service throughout the policy, including statements such as â€Å"we use this information to improve the quality of our search technology†, â€Å"we use cookies to improve the quality of our service†, and â€Å"in order to provide our full range of services† (Google Privacy Policy,  ¶6). While these statements may technically be true, one must also consider that these practices are followed in an effort to better the company and not solely for the improvement of service to their users as is often implied. The policy also addresses the possibility of future changes, stating that all amendments to the policy will be immediately reflected in the on-line documentation and that if changes made are â€Å"significant† they will provide â€Å"a more prominent notice† (Google Privacy Policy,  ¶29). The determination of what constitutes a â€Å"significant† change is left to Google to determine, requiring existing users to routinely verify the terms of the policy to ensure that no changes have been established that might impose on their assumed privacy rights. The terms of service statement provided by Google that relates to all of its provided products is concerning. It reads â€Å"by submitting, posting or displaying the content you give Google a perpetual, irrevocable, worldwide, royalty-free, and non-exclusive license to reproduce, adapt, modify, translate, publish, publicly perform, publicly display and distribute any Content which you submit, post or display on or through the Services† (Google Terms of Service, Section 11.1). A user’s agreement to this statement gives Google full rights to use the content posted through their services in any way that they see fit. Considering the fact that this single document is in essence a blanket statement that applies to every service operated by Google, the effects of this statement are enormous. Essentially, Google is given open license to use any video posted on YouTube, any comments written on Blogger, and any photographs uploaded to Picasa, all entities controlled by Googl e, Inc. Things that users might consider to be personal instantly become the property of Google at the click of the mouse. Even though the images or comments are posted to the publicly accessible Internet, most do not consider the reality that the use of those images or comments, meant to be shared with family or friends, are out of their control when the upload is complete. An inherent privacy issue related to Google’s practices is associated with its most basic function – the search. The first time a computer is used to access Google’s website, a cookie is placed on the system’s hard drive which serves as a unique identifier, allowing Google to monitor the search history from that machine. These cookies, according to Google, grant them the ability to store user preferences while tracking trends (i.e. – how people search) (Google Privacy Policy,  ¶6). Collected information is stored on server logs and includes such data as IP address, date and time of the search, browser type and browser language (Google Privacy Policy,  ¶7). They can also track which links a user selects on a given page and the path that they follow. Google is forthcoming with their placement of cookies (Google Privacy Policy,  ¶ 6), but is very unclear about the expiration date of the cookie or how long log files are retained. The significance of installing a cookie that assigns a unique identifier to each system is that Google is given the ability to read, identify and record every action a users takes when using Google products. The data collected by these cookies, combined with data acquired by content extraction (discussed further within this paper), allows Google to create user profiles based on the subjects they search (Google Search, Google Scholar, Book Search, Blog Search, Image Search, Custom Search), their purchasing habits (Google Checkout), the statements they make within personal communications (Gmail, Google Talk), the activities they participate in (Google Calendar), and the data they store on their computers (Google Desktop). Google’s release of its Gmail service in April, 2004 caused an immediate backlash of complaints by watch groups who voiced concerns regarding Google’s plan to use content extraction, a process of scanning the text of all incoming and outgoing messages for the purpose of placing paid advertisements on the page (Dixon and Givens, 2004). The Gmail privacy policy does state that content will be used to provide relevant advertisements, but the statement disguises this practice of ad placement as a â€Å"service† (Gmail Privacy Policy,  ¶ 6) to the user, not as an annoyance as many would perceive it. Users who subscribe for the free Gmail service agree to the extraction of content within their messages at the time of registration, but those non-subscribers who engage in messaging with Gmail users do not. This is where the contention lies. Without the consent of both parties involved in an email exchange, is it ethically acceptable for Google to extract data from these messages? Personal and private information could be contained within a message sent by a party unaffiliated with the Gmail service. Were they aware of Google’s extraction policy, they might be leery of doing so. Groups such as the Electronic Privacy Information Center (EPIC) believe that Google’s practice of monitoring private communications can be construed as a violation of the Fourth Amendment of the Constitution. Their policy could set a bad legal precedent, in that a court might â€Å"consider the service as evidence of a lack of a reasonable expectation in e-mail† (EPIC, 2004), giving other service providers, employers and government agencies a legal means for monitoring communications amongst its users. As stated by George Reynolds, author of Ethics in Information Technology, â€Å"without a reasonable expectation of privacy, there is no privacy right to protect† (2007, p. 108). Google released their Checkout service in June, 2006. The service allows customers to perform a one-time registration with Google during which time they provide personally identifiable data, such as name, billing and shipping address and credit card information. Checkout then processes registrant’s purchases through participating vendors without the need for the customer to provide the information again. The release initially appeared to be an attempt at competition with the widely utilized PayPal service, but further analysis leads one to believe that Checkout is in reality yet another method for Google to collect information about its users in order to improve their ad placement practices. Intimate knowledge of their user’s actual shopping practices provides Google with valuable data that allows for personalized ad placement based on individual purchasing trends. These personalized ads are much more likely to incite user response, made important by the fact that every click of a sponsored link earns revenue for Google. The privacy policy specific to Google’s Checkout service is very precise and provides clear and concise explanations of the processes that are followed, including the placement of the cookie that is installed that, again, uniquely identifies the user’s browser. But again, an explanation of the length of time the cookie will reside on the user’s computer is unclear. Google Calendar allows registered users to record meetings, appointments, birthdays and personal reminders using their on-line tool. By default a user’s calendar is set to â€Å"private†, meaning that only they can view the data recorded within their personal database. An optional feature allows the user to share their schedule with a public group so that others can view their schedule for availability and so that meeting invitations can be sent and received from others. This requires the registrant to change their setting to â€Å"public†. The privacy policy specific to Google Calendar states that â€Å"in order to manage your invitations, when you invite other people to Calendar events, we collect and maintain information associated with those invitations, including email addresses, dates and times of the event, and any responses from guests† (Google Calendar Privacy Notice,  ¶ 5). As with Gmail, participants who are not registered users of Google calendar are unaware that their private personal information is collected and stored by Google, creating a clear invasion of assumed privacy. Google Desktop was originally developed and released as a means for a simplified and faster search of a user’s personal computer. The tool, which requires installation on the user’s computer, allowed the user to perform two consecutive queries one which was sent to Google to perform a Web search while the other searched the user’s personal index housed on their computer. The results page would then feature two separate sets of findings – one public and one private. The language of Google’s privacy statement in regards to the original release of Desktop stated that â€Å"these combined results can be seen only from your own computer; your computer’s content is never sent to Google† (Arrington, 2006). The release of an updated version of Desktop (version 3.0) in February, 2006 brought about substantial changes in the way the application functions. The new Desktop boasts a feature called â€Å"Search Across Computers† that allows users to search for personal files from multiple systems. Google has edited the statement reflected in their original Desktop privacy policy, no longer claiming that content is never sent to Google, but I was unable to discern in my research whether Google considered this change to be â€Å"significant† enough to constitute a more direct notification to existing users. Now, the user’s hard drive index is copied to Google’s servers and stored there â€Å"temporarily†. Google states that the application â€Å"indexes and stores versions of your files and other computer activity† but fails to address the expected timeline for data retention (Google Desktop Privacy Policy,  ¶ 2). The policy also implies that you r data is never accessible by anyone doing a standard Google search, but the fact remains that indexes are transferred and housed at a location other than the user’s personal hard drive. One of Google’s most blatant violations of privacy rights is the introduction of Google Maps Street View, a sub-service of Google Maps. Released in May of 2007, Street View displays high-resolution photographs taken from the street level of many major metropolitan cities throughout the country. It provides the user with a virtual tour of these cities and allows them to zoom in with the ability to view close up shots of landmarks, buildings, and any other object present at the moment of capture, including people. Screen captures taken from Street View cameras have included images of women sunbathing in bikinis and men walking into strip clubs (Schroeder, 2007). A glaring example of privacy invasion is a recent case uncovered by The Smoking Gun (â€Å"Warning†, 2008) in which Google’s Street View cameras crossed property boundaries and captures images of a Pittsburgh homeowners driveway, garage and backyard (including such detailed views as their childrenâ€⠄¢s trampoline) after driving on to the home’s private driveway with the cameras capturing constant screen shots – an unmistakable invasion of presumed privacy. As of this writing, it is unknown whether or not the homeowners in this case have made contact with Google regarding the issue of trespassing and if so, what Google’s response might have been. As reported by MSNBC, â€Å"potentially embarrassing or compromising scenes like these are raising questions about whether the Internet’s leading search engine has gone too far in its attempt to make the world a more accessible place† (Liedtke). Google states that the images captured by their cameras are taken from a moving vehicle and could have been observed by any person walking or driving on that same street at the same moment. The difference is that the images are posted and maintained on a publicly-accessible website without the consent of the captured individuals. Users that discover images of themselves or images that they consider inappropriate and would like to have them removed can do so simply by contacting Google via a provided link. The obvious argument is that a person would first need to become aware of the existence of said image in order to request its removal. By the time it is discovered, the alleged invasion of privacy has already occurred. In terestingly, an Austrailian newspaper covering Google’s plan to launch Street View in their country recently contacted the company to inquire as to plans to include images of the homes of Google executives on the site (Klan, 2008). Google spokesman Rob Shilkin is quotes in the article as saying â€Å"providing those details would be completely inappropriate† (Klan, 2008). It would be a nice addition to Google’s privacy policy to allow common users to opt-out of having images of their own homes displayed by Google in advance, as is apparently the policy for Google’s key personnel. In an environment when the use of nearly any on-line service requires the user to agree to a set of terms, it is evident that most do not take the time to read and fully understand the impact that those policies may have in regards to their personal information. Even one of the creators of Google, Sergey Brin, acknowledged in a statement to reporters that he thinks â€Å"it’s interesting that the expectations of people with respect to what happens to their data seems to be different than what is actually happening† (Bridis, 2006). The question remains whether or not Google is responsible for their user’s inability (or unwillingness) to comprehend their policies and relate them to possible consequences associated when using one or all of Google’s products. Google is not a non-profit organization, offering its products strictly for the benefit of society. It is a business which requires profits to continue its operations; therefore its ultimate concern is that its shareholders are pleased with their earnings as a direct result of Google products. Google has become a leader in its field by developing unique and superior products and partnering those products with clever marketing and plain talk language that puts an unskilled user at ease with regards to Google’s services. The absence of any legislation that closely regulates electronic content has provided Google the ability to set their own standards without the threat of accountability when privacy breaches are recognized, aided by the fact that Google has successfully dominated their market space. Are Google’s policies clear as they relate to user privacy? The answer is both yes and no. Google is truthful in regards to their data collection policies, but appear to operate under different assumptions of privacy than most. But in the age of Internet communications, what kind of privacy can one truly expect, especially when the topic of personally identifiable information is introduced. Google has developed a certain level of assumed trust with their user base that may not be completely well deserved. What began as a simple means to search the resources of the World Wide Web has been transformed into a technological mega-corporation that has utilized their initial popularity to lure users to employ more and more of their clever innovations, all the while building upon their empire. The familiarity of Google has eliminated user caution. Given the current and future growth of the World Wide Web, there appears to be no end to the debate over acceptable expectations of privacy. A corporation as recognizable and influential as Google, though, has a responsibility to set the bar high for other businesses that exist within the competitive and lucrative industry of computing. Google’s existing policies are a disappointing example of the direction being taken by corporations in regard to basic user rights. Hopefully, they will closely consider the concerns of experts in the field as well as their customers when reviewing, modifying and creating new products and policies in the years to come and heed their own advice – â€Å"Don’t be evil!† Reference 100 Best Companies to Work For, Fortune Magazine (2007, February). CNNMoney.com, Retrieved April 2, 2008, from http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/bestcompanies/2007/full_list/ 100 Best Companies to Work For, Fortune Magazine (2008, February). CNNMoney.com, Retrieved April 2, 2008, from http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/bestcompanies/2008/full_list/index.html Arnold, S.E., (2005). The Google Legacy; How Google’s Internet Search is Transforming Applications Software. London, England: Infonortics Ltd. Arrington, M., (2006). Google Desktop 3.0: Privacy is Dead(er). TechCrunch. Retrieved April 10, 2008, from http://techcrunch.com/2006/02/08/google-desktop-new-version-tonight/ Bridis, T., Google acknowledges China compromise, (2006, June 6), MSNBC.com, Retrieved April 10, 2008, from msnbc.msn.com/id/13172409/print/1/displaymode/1098/ Burns, E., (2008). U.S. Core Search Rankings, February, 2008. Retrieved April 8, 2008 from http://searchenginewatch.com/showPage.html?page=3628837 Dixon, P. Givens, B. Thirty-One Privacy and Civil Liberties Organizations Urge Google to Suspend Gmail (2004, April 6) Privacy Rights Clearinghouse. Retrieved March 14, 2008, from privacyrights.org/ar/GmailLetter.htm Electronic Privacy Information Center, Gmail Privacy Page (2004, August 18), Retrieved March 14, 2008, from http://epic.org/privacy/gmail/faq.html Freedman, D.H., Internet: Why Privacy Will No Longer Matter (2007), MSNBC.com, Retrieved April 10, 2008, from msnbc.msn.com/id/12017579/site/newsweek/print/1/displaymode/1098/ Google, Inc., Gmail Privacy Notice (2005, October 14), Retrieved April 1, 2008, from http://gmail.google.com/mail/help/privacy.html Google, Inc., Google Calendar Privacy Notice (unknown date), Retrieved April 10, 2008, from google.com/googlecalendar/privacy_policy.html Google, Inc., Google Code of Conduct (2008, February), Retrieved April 8, 2008, from http://investor.google.com/conduct.html Google, Inc., Google Desktop Privacy Policy (2007, September 21), Retrieved March 30, 2008, from http://desktop.google.com/privacypolicy.html Google, Inc., Google Privacy Policy (2005, October), Retrieved March 15, 2008, from google.com/intl/en/privacypolicy.html Google, Inc., Google Terms of Service (2007, April), Retrieved March 15, 2008, from google.com/accounts/TOS?loc=US Klan, A., Google execs out of sight (2008, April 12), The Austrailian, Retrieved April 12, 2008, from theaustrailian.news.com/au/story/0,25197,23526150-7582,00.html Liedtke, M., Google hits streets, raises privacy concerns, MSNBC.com, Retrieved April 19, 2008, from msnbc.msn.com/id/18987058/print/1/displaymode/1098/ Reynolds, G., (2007). Ethics in Information Technology, Second Edition. Boston: Thomson. Schroeder, M., (2007). Top 15 Google Street View Sightings (2007, May 31), Mashable Social Networking News. Retrieved April 5, 2008, from http://mashable.com/2007/05/31/top-15-google-street-view-sightings/ Warning: Google Is In Your Driveway! (2008, April 7), The Smoking Gun, Retrieved from thesmokinggun.com/archive/years/2008/0407081google1.html Research Papers on The Google Story - How Google was Started.Unreasonable Searches and SeizuresAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaResearch Process Part OneOpen Architechture a white paperMoral and Ethical Issues in Hiring New EmployeesNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NicePETSTEL analysis of IndiaThe Project Managment Office SystemDefinition of Export QuotasTwilight of the UAW

Materials homework assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Materials homework - Assignment Example Moreover, HMAC technology permits asphalt concrete to the range of 50 to 100 degrees Fahrenheit cooler compared to the PCC resulting to the reduction in terms of the temperature, which substantially decreases energy utilization at the mixing plant and consequently lessen greenhouse gas emissions during production. HMAC production concrete drastically decrease the quantity volatile organic compound emissions thus eradicating the smoke and odor related to the PCC, bricks, gravel and stabilized earth. HMAC production lowers production temperature that normally results to oxidation of the asphalt mix during the traditional hot-mix asphalt production process. This leaves efficient asphalt within the mix by aiding in the reduction of the aging impact of the asphalt. Aging impact results to brittleness and cracking. Moreover, HMAC possesses the potential for increased compaction over the PCC, bricks, gravel and stabilized earth, which aids in reducing potential damage to the streets due to the recurrent loading over period. Engineering wood is the best for building two stories house within the Oregon coast having sustainability goal. Oregon coast has higher humidity levels and the engineering wood is more suitable since it is more resistant to relatively higher moisture and steady. Engineering wood is also not susceptible to swelling due to alteration in temperature thus adding attractions within the basements or within the regions possessing relatively higher humidity levels. The wood also works efficiently under the floor heating systems due to its stability. Engineering wood normally has a thickness of 15mm hence offers greater stability and long-term usage. Natural finish of the building will consists of very board of multiple layers of the timber that bonded together. The underlying outermost of 4mm of engineering hardwood will act as an option to the solid

Stem Cell Research Legislation Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Stem Cell Legislation - Research Paper Example It is hoped that such cells can be developed to replace dysfunctional cells in conditions like spinal cord injury, Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s, diabetes, and various other medical conditions. A look into the American stem cell research legislations proves that the country needs to make such laws regarding patents and intellectual rights to ensure that the government and the federally funded researchers have access to stem cells. In addition, there should be clear government guidelines regarding the agreement between patent holders and researchers. The advancements in research were not free from ethical issues and legal disputes. As reported by National Bioethics Advisory Commission (1999) this is mainly so because the sources for stem cells are one week old embryos called blastocysts which are usually created through in vitro fertilization to treat infertility, five to nine week old embryos of fetuses obtained through elective abortion, embryos created through in vitro fer tilization for research purposes, embryos created through cloning or somatic cell nuclear transfer, and finally, adult tissues like umbilical cord blood and marrow. The controversy almost entirely surrounds taking stem cells from human embryos and fetuses because the process destroys them. Admittedly, the American administration has always been open to the ethical concerns surrounding embryo research. Throughout history, the government did not provide any funding to support researches on stem cells from human embryos. So, the federal law rightly prohibited the HHS from funding any such research. In the year 1994, President Bill Clinton issued an executive directive to the NIH that it should not allocate funds to develop human embryos for research purposes. Two years later, in 1996, there was a legislative ban on NIH’s spending on stem cell research from human embryos. Thereafter, every year, the government passed such a ban. As Wertz (2002, p. 674-678) points out, according t o the ban, federal funds could not be used for the development of human embryos for research purposes where human embryo is destroyed, discarded, or knowingly subjected to risk of injury or death. However, as the Wisconsin scientists successfully grew embryonic stem cells into specialized cells, there arose increased demand from NIH to again look into the governmental ban on stem cell research from embryos and fetus. The opinion of the HHS’ General Counsel was that the existing law that only prohibited the use of HHS funds for human embryo research would not ban research on stem cells because stem cells are not within the legal definition of human embryo. According to the definition provided, embryo is an organism that is capable of developing into a full human being when implanted in the uterus. It is claimed that the pluripotent stem cells are not able to grow into a human being. Thus, the opinion reached was that HHS could fund such stem cell researches that manage to get the stem cells from embryos using private means. The restriction only applied to those researches that want to derive stem cells from embryos using federal funds. Though there was congressional opposition, NIH made it clear that it would support stem cell research once it managed to issue guidelines and to establish an oversight committee. Thus, the NIH guidelines appeared in August 2000 that made it clear that researches using pluripotent stem cells from human embryos can be conducted using NIH funds. However the condition was that the stem

Individual Write-Up Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Individual Write-Up - Essay Example e going to visit Africa and more particularly Kenya, s as to go and watch the wild beast migration, based on what I have heard regarding Africa I prepared myself for the Stone Age life. Two days before our departure I had already parked all the things that I thought was necessary. I carried some of the most essential things, such as toothpaste, soap, spotlights, and camp knifes. My dad informed me of certain things like soap that could be bought when we got to Africa, but I could not dare leave my â€Å"Essential package† as I was not sure even if there were shops there. The day finally came, and we left for Africa, the fight took about 12 hours, as we had to make a stopover in Amsterdam. All through the flight, my mind was on the types of houses that I was going not just to see but live in. when the pilot announced the plane’s arrival in an hour, I was very excited because I was going to experience Africa for the very first time. The plane reached the Jomo Kenyatta International Airport and t my surprise there were no animals anywhere in sight all I could see were tall, beautiful houses like the ones back in Canada. Sensing my dismay my dad told me â€Å"I told you†, the animal park that we were supposed to go and see the wild beast migration was known as the Tsavo National Park, which was quite a long distance from Nairobi. I had found out from the internet about the wild beast migration, and I was looking forward to seeing the animals leap into the river and cross to the other side. I tried to anticipate how many animals would make it safely to the other side. To make the experience a unforgettable, my dad had arranged that we travel by train to the park. There are no electric trains in Kenya we had t use the old locomotives, which run on diesel apparently these trains were left by the colonial government decades ago. The trip t the park was full of adventure, the train tracks went through beautiful open country where we were able t see some wild animals

Analyzing Loneliness In Of Mice And Men English Literature Essay

Analyzing Loneliness In Of Mice And Men English Literature Essay John Steinbeck portrays in his novella Of Mice and Men the theme of loneliness. In the novelette Of Mice and Men, Steinbeck writes about the Great Depression and how two friends, Lennie and George, stay together through this tough time. They go from town to town and work on ranches, always staying together. This new haven in California they stumble upon seems like a good fit, however Lennie creates problems and terminates their chances of survival there. George and Lennie have an interesting and strong relationship for the time period in which they live. Lennie and George have a parent to child type of relationship. Lennie, being the childlike of the two, does not have the mental capacity to make decisions for himself. George shows the parental attitude and creates the most safe conditions for the both of them to live and work. While this makes their friendship stronger, it also creates tension when big decisions come into play. George constantly sticks his neck out for Lennie and makes life easier on him by taking the blame for problems well as figuring out the tough situations they are put in. When Lennie crushes Curleys hand, they risk being fired. Slim negotiates with Curley after this accident to not tell anyone about what happened or else well tell everbody , an then will you get the laugh. (64). The people working alongside George and Lennie recognize this and end up sticking up for them when trouble comes along. The compassio n that George and Lennie express towards each other rubs off on the people that surround them and kept them out of trouble. George create a stable living environment for Lennie while he could not do so for himself. While George could have abandoned Lennie, gone on his way and become successful and not had many more problems, however he chooses to stay beside Lennie for the reason that Lennie needs George to survive. The love between the two creates a strong bond and a loyalty that does not end when George makes the ultimate sacrifice for his friend and saves him from the torture of lynching. Not everyone has a companion like Lennie throughout this story. In Steinbecks novel, Candy, an old, frail, crippled man who had worked on the ranch for years has only one companion, his dog. Candy and his dog share similar characteristics. They are both elderly, and neither of them very useful on the farm anymore due to age and deformity. Candy and his dogs relationship parallels that of George and Lennie; both have a dominant leader, and both have the compassion and love for each other. Candy finds himself emotionally broken once his only friend, and only real purpose in life dies. He cannot bring himself to shoot his dog since to him, it is his best friend. Carlson however, has no problem with killing the dog, Carlson shows a fierce attitude when he says If you want me to, Ill put the old devil out of his misery. Right now and get it over with. Aint nothing left for him. Cant eat, cant see, cant even walk without hurtin. (47). Carlson shows that he doesnt have a care in the world, and doesnt know what its like to care about someone enough to want them around. This scene is where the friendship of Lennie and George differs from Candy and his dog. Candy shows a more selfish look at friendship, where George sacrifices his best friend for the betterment of Lennie, Candy cannot bring himself to shoot his dog because he cannot bear to be alone. After his dog is gone however, he attaches himself to George and Lennies plan in order to gain some other companionship and meaning in his life. This part of the story ties into the theme of the American Dream and striving for something though it may seem out of said persons each. Having a friend along the way creates an easier path to go than going by themselves. Steinbeck stresses the need of meaningful friendship through this hardship we call life. Especially in the setting the novella is placed, where on ranches people have no one but themselves, its necessary to have a friend to not go crazy with loneliness. Crooks, an African American who works on the ranch, is essentially an outcast, proving this statement when he says, A guys goes nuts if he aint got nobody. Dont make no difference who the guy is, longs he with you (73). People, like Crooks says, need someone to talk to or else insanity sets in. Other men depicted in Of Mice and Men show a selfishness that comes with loneliness, as well as a lack of sensitivity. Steinbeck based the title off of a poem, which says The best-laid plans of mice and men/Gang aft agley (often go wrong)/And leave us naught but grief and pain/For promised joy. This statement is proved over and over again in the text, shown when George makes the hard decision to terminate Lennies life for the better, thought it was not part of their great American Dream and how Crooks has a strong desire for a friend, however has isolated himself because of common belief. Life altering decisions effect the future and peoples desires, leaving the people in this novella lonely, depressed, and in need of friendship, the small flicker of hope that George and Lennie bring when they come to the ranch discontinues the loneliness momentarily. Steinbeck demonstrates in his novel Of Mice and Men the struggle of maintaining a close friendship and how unusual companionships ultimately makes life easier. He proves that George and Lennies unusual friendship helped both Lennie and George maintain the idealistic thought of best friends. He shows that even the smallest of companions, such as a dog, can give a needed lapse in loneliness. But most of all, Steinbeck demonstrates how friendship gives hope in the future and optimism for what real friendship is. This idea relates not only to the Great Depression, but the need in every human being for some type of connection and companionship. It also shows the struggle that comes with friendship, and the sacrifices needed to be made for a true friend.

student :: essays research papers

The Tome is a letter written by Leo to his brother Flavian, which addresses the current scandal within the church. This controversy began with the dishonoring implications of a monk named Eutyches that sparked uproar between church officials concerning the true nature of our Lord. The question of whether the Son of God is divine or human in nature, forced church officials to decide His true essence, while attending the Council of Chalcedonian in the year 451. Providing evidence for the Council, the Tome diminishes the foundation and basis of Eutyches’s argument of â€Å"Two Natures† and offers complete support to Flavian. At the time of its composition, this document was considered an accurate portrayal of the common faith, hence establishing its immense importance to the church.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Although Leo’s declaration of the Gospel of God and man in Christ appears to be flawless in its interpretation, the tome proves to be vaguely insufficient considering its sporadic utilization of philosophical speculation. This factor is eroded by the dominatingly persuasive and stressed voice of the piece, which is considered by theologians to be â€Å"a fine specimen of the straightforwardness and clarity of the Latin mind† (359). The Tome proves to be both influenced by and later affecting the once youthful tradition of the Roman Liturgy.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The actual text is written in the form of a response to a previously received letter concerning the Eutyches’s defiance of the integrity of faith. Once considered a presbyter, or wise elder, his status is diminished by the unwavering opinion of Leo. The disgraceful new standing is based on the proposal that Eutyches is exceedingly inconsiderate and pathetically uneducated regarding his views of the church and the nature of Christ. The letter inadvertently accentuates the importance of redefining Christianity as a product of defense. Leo accomplishes this by providing evidence to counter the argument of the opposing force.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Leo’s first argument results from an accusation offered by Eutyches and other heretics, which questions the incarnation of the Word of God. In the defense of Christianity, Leo retorts that it should be apparent to all believers that the obscurity of and response to this query can be resolved in the ritual of Confession, the Holy Scriptures, and most evidently in the Apostles’ Creed, which is reiterated at every mass. Eutyches’s complication with understanding the common faith expands to another topic, through which the Tome’s response results in the affirmation of the human and divine nature of Christ.

Respondeat superior Essay

?1. Provide an overview of the respondeat superior legal doctrine and explain its significance in the health care industry. Additionally, explain at least two defenses to this legal doctrine. Your initial post must be a minimum of 250-300 words. Respond to at least two of your classmates’ posts. The respondeat superior is a legal doctrine that holds the employers legally responsible for any wrongful acts caused by their employees. The employer is liable for any injuries caused by their employee to their patients. A health care organization can be held liable for any unjust acts their employees cause. â€Å"A hospital has vicarious liability for the negligence of its nurses, which allows a patient to bring a lawsuit against either the nurse individually or the hospital as the employer, or both (Giordano, 2003). It is up to the health care organization to ensure a staff that promotes ethical care and who are competent in their job. â€Å"A hospital has a duty to the patient to ensure the competency of its nursing staff and the physicians who maintain privileges at its institution† (Giordano, 2003). It is important that the health care organization maintains a place that revolves around safety for the protection of their patients and visitors. â€Å"Failure to do so may create institutional liability on the part of the hospital† (Giordano, 2003). One of the defenses should be providing adequate care to all patients by monitoring them more often and providing them with the right dosage of medications when needed. â€Å"In medication administration, the 5 R’s are often cited: right patient, right drug, right route, right dose, and right time. All too often 1 or more of these â€Å"rights† are violated, and a patient is injured† (Giordano, 2003). Another defense would be that the health care organization should train all staff upon hire and implement all rules and guidelines and advise them that any misconduct will result in termination. Malpractice cannot be avoided but they can be reduced (Giordano, 2003). Giordano, K. (2003). Examining nursing malpractice: A defense attorney’s perspective. American Association of Critical-Care Nurses. Critical Care Nurse, 23, 104-107. Retrieved from http://ccn. aacnjournals. org/content/23/2/104. full. pdf

Free Essays on Changes In Health Care For Retired Workers

Changes in Health Care for Retired Workers Health care for retired workers is always changing and it’s not for the better. The workforce had changed remarkably causing retirement plans to decline. Current workers are being pressured to pay more out of pocket. These retirees are rarely helped out and when they are, it isn’t enough. It is difficult for employees to provide the best health care for their workers and remain competitive in today’s economy. Employers are providing health care to stay competitive in the marketplace, but this trend is dissipating. These employers are finding it increasingly difficult to provide these benefits to retired workers. The employers are focusing on health care costs and are not able to absorb additional cost increases. Current law severely limits employers’ ability to pre-fund retires health care obligations. As a result of this law, employers have capped contributions, increased co pays, increased employee contributions, or even eliminated benefits all together. The Employee Retirement Income Act states that employers are not required to provide any health care coverage to their workers, either active or retired. Although, once they decide to offer benefits they must follow certain requirements. Currently, only thirty five percent of employers sponsor retiree health care, leaving many with out access. Employers who offer medical coverage for retirees went from forty percent in 1993 to tw enty percent in 2001. That leaves more than three quarters of the retired population with out health coverage. Health care costs are rising for both active and retired employees and new pension funding requirements have wiped out corporate benefits budgets. This leaves less money for the retiree to live healthy in a world that is to expensive. Retirees depend on health care from current or past employers, and it’s the only likely source of affordable reliable coverage. In 2003 cost for employer pl... Free Essays on Changes In Health Care For Retired Workers Free Essays on Changes In Health Care For Retired Workers Changes in Health Care for Retired Workers Health care for retired workers is always changing and it’s not for the better. The workforce had changed remarkably causing retirement plans to decline. Current workers are being pressured to pay more out of pocket. These retirees are rarely helped out and when they are, it isn’t enough. It is difficult for employees to provide the best health care for their workers and remain competitive in today’s economy. Employers are providing health care to stay competitive in the marketplace, but this trend is dissipating. These employers are finding it increasingly difficult to provide these benefits to retired workers. The employers are focusing on health care costs and are not able to absorb additional cost increases. Current law severely limits employers’ ability to pre-fund retires health care obligations. As a result of this law, employers have capped contributions, increased co pays, increased employee contributions, or even eliminated benefits all together. The Employee Retirement Income Act states that employers are not required to provide any health care coverage to their workers, either active or retired. Although, once they decide to offer benefits they must follow certain requirements. Currently, only thirty five percent of employers sponsor retiree health care, leaving many with out access. Employers who offer medical coverage for retirees went from forty percent in 1993 to tw enty percent in 2001. That leaves more than three quarters of the retired population with out health coverage. Health care costs are rising for both active and retired employees and new pension funding requirements have wiped out corporate benefits budgets. This leaves less money for the retiree to live healthy in a world that is to expensive. Retirees depend on health care from current or past employers, and it’s the only likely source of affordable reliable coverage. In 2003 cost for employer pl...

Wind Gust Definition and Causes

Wind Gust Definition and Causes A wind gust is a sudden, seconds-long burst of high-speed wind thats followed by a lull. Whenever you see wind gusts in your forecast, it means the National Weather Service has observed or expects wind speeds to reach at least 18 mph, and the difference between the peak winds and the lulls to vary by 10 mph or more.  A related phenomenon, a squall, is (according  to the National Weather Service), A strong wind characterized by a sudden onset in which the wind speed increases at least 16 knots and is sustained at 22 knots or more for at least one minute. Why Does the Wind Gust? There are a number of things that disturb wind flow and make its speed vary, including friction and wind shear. Whenever winds path is obstructed by objects such as buildings, mountains, or trees, it hugs the object, friction increases, and the wind slows. Once it passes the object and flows freely again, the speed increases rapidly (gusts).  Ã‚   When wind travels through mountain passes, alleys, or tunnels, the same amount of air is forced through a smaller pathway which also causes an increase in speed or gusts. Wind shear (a change in wind speed or direction along a straight line) can also lead to gusting. Because winds travel from high (where theres more air piled up) to low pressure, you can think of there being more pressure behind the wind than in front of it. This gives the wind a net force and it accelerates in a rush of wind. Maximum Sustained Winds Wind gusts (which last only a few seconds) make it hard to determine the overall wind speed of storms whose winds dont always blow at constant speeds. This is especially the case for tropical cyclones and hurricanes. To estimate the overall wind speed, the wind and wind gusts are measured over some period of time (typically 1 minute) and are then averaged together. The result is the highest average wind observed within the weather event, also called the maximum sustained wind speed.   Here in the U.S., maximum sustained winds are always measured by anemometers at a standard height of 33 feet (10 m) above ground for a duration of 1 minute. The rest of the world averages their winds over a period of 10 minutes. This difference is significant because measurements averaged over just one minute are about 14% higher than those averaged over the course of ten minutes. Wind Damage High winds and gusts can do more than turn your umbrella inside out, they can cause legitimate damage. Major wind gusts can knock down trees and even cause structural damage to buildings. Wind gusts s as low as 26 mph are strong enough to cause power outages. The Highest Gusts on Record The world record for strongest wind gust  (253 mph) was observed on Australias Barrow Island during the passage of Tropical Cyclone Olivia (1996). The second highest wind gust ever recorded (and the #1 strongest ordinary gust not linked to a tropical cyclone or a tornado) occurred right here in the United States atop New Hampshires Mount Washington in 1934.

Nitroglycerin [NTG] Cardiovascular drug Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Nitroglycerin [NTG] Cardiovascular drug - Essay Example Even more surprising is that Nitroglyercin is used as a heart medication, one of the most delicate and important organs inside our bodies. It is mind blowing that something so combustible and so explosive could be used to help treat heart conditions. Nitroglyercin can be found in many forms, varying from tablets, to sprays, to even patches. It works by allotting more blood and oxygen flow to the heart, and by widening blood vessels directly into the heart. However, after long term exposure to the drug, it can become addictive. Withdrawal symptoms can occur, such as headaches, recurring heart problems, or even death (Nitro). Exposure to the drug relieves these symptoms, which is why people working with the drug at work may feel withdrawal symptoms over the weekend only to find them relieved back at work on Monday. Another one of Nitroglyercin;s talents is that the patches th have been found to be a cure for bite of the brown recluse spider, a venomous, and possibly deadly bite. This is just another positive effect of the drug. When it is used in medicine, nitroglyercin is called something else. It is called Glyceryl trinitrate, mainly to avoid people thinking they are taking explosives into their body. It is used as heart medication, and can be in many different forms. It can come in tablets, ointments, patches, or even sprays (Nitro). A somewhat new medical procedure includes using small amounts of the compound in the tip of condoms, to help provoke. Ejaculation (Nitro). Taking nitroglyercin has many different effects on the body. It can reduce chest pain, decrease blood pressure, as well as increasing the heart rate of the patient. This happens because the nitroglyercin is converted into nitric oxide once inside the body, however, the process by which the body does this is not completely understood by scientists (Nitro). Then, the drug relaxes the blood vessels to the

Op-ed Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Op-ed - Research Paper Example Another relationship that such a shift would affect is that between the US and Israel, especially as Israel also views Iran as being the main destabilizing player in the region. These rifts between Iran and almost every other Arab power have largely shaped US-Iranian relations in the past decade. In the aftermath of the US’ overthrow of Saddam Hussein in 2003 and the Arab Spring movements, the US and Iran have been pitted in intense battles for influence in Afghanistan, Lebanon, Syria, and Iraq (Singh 1). While US officials continue to state that military action against Iranian nuclear installations remains an option, several developments in the Middle East have acted to realign relations between the two countries. The need for cooperation between Iran and the US in ensuring successful political transition in Afghanistan and Iraq, as well as in coordinating a successful military operation against ISIS, has worked to align both countries’ foreign policy (Cullis 1). One notable result of this lull in political tensions has been the US government’s softened stance towards Hezbollah in Lebanon and Hamas in the Gaza Strip. As a result, even with US foreign policy still identifying Sunni Arab states like Saudi Arabia, the UAE, and Turkey as its closest ally, the convergence of Iranian policy and US policy has led to common interests. However, rather than being part of a conscious change in US foreign policy, it is more of a geo-political reality. President Obama’s admi nistration has stressed that the US is not coordinating the ISIS effort and regional policies with Iran, although the recent intensive negotiations on Iran’s nuclear program has led to increased understanding (Cullis 1). For analysts like Laura Rozen at Al-Monitor, however, the chance for any rapprochement between Iran and the US is slim at best, if the history of

Individual Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Individual - Essay Example There are several issues associated with the speech. Consequently, analysis of the agent, agency, and overall purpose of the act indicates strengths and weakness and strengths of speech and covers all the issues in speech presentation. The agent Hillary Clinton at the time of the presentation was the first lady, the wife of serving president of America. The analysis of her personality indicates that she was outspoken, and in the speech she presented her beliefs and issues that she wanted addressed (Keyton). By use of facial appearance and voice intonation, she was able to impact the audience positively. She focused on areas that needed change and that could be addressed to achieve women freedom by enlisting the challenges faced by women in different countries. However, in the speech she indicated only the challenges faced by women and not the achievement already obtained in the process. Through limiting coverage of the successes achieved, she created a fallacy that women are totally oppressed. This notion is not true because women hav e achieved success in some issues. For instance, the women liberation movement of 1900 was able to ensure that women obtain the right to vote and own property. Therefore, despite the existing oppression of women, the freedom to vote and own property was achieved. Then, the fallacy of generalization exhibited in the speech creates a wrong picture of the whole situation (Kampf 112). The presentation of the arguments followed a specified plot, which includes the creation of awareness by illustrating the current situation and developing the objectives and visions in the process. The counter arguments were not presented fully but highlighted as, by the way, issues rather than issues to be pondered. The development of then problem was concise by following an emotive plan which was effective because it captured the attention of the audience. The focus on the issues ensured that the audience was with the presented on

Social and Developmental Essay Example for Free

Social and Developmental Essay Psychodynamic theories of personality have impacted greatly on the Developmental Psychology of today. They originated with the work of Sigmund Freud in the later part of the nineteenth and beginning of the 18th century. Freud, Jung, Erickson and Fromm all focussed on the unconscious mind and the effects of early childhood experiences on the development of personality. Freuds psychosexual model is based on 5 stages with the first five years of life being most crucial to development of personality. Erikson proposed an 8 stage psychosocial plan, which placed importance on the whole lifespan, arguing that development does not cease at a certain age. According to Hayes (2000) both Freud and Jung argued that personality was set by childhood experiences and was due partly to maturation and partly to the influences of close family. Fromm on the other hand recognised both factors as well as acknowledging society as a third factor in the formation of personality. A more current view based on both the psychoanalytical and biological approaches is that of Bowlby (1969) who studied attachment in children. His Affective perspective concentrates on emotional development and has had an impact how children are cared for whilst away from their central carer for example whilst in childcare or hospital. Genetic and Biological explanations propose that each individual is born with genetically determined characteristic patterns of personality. Studies of twins show that identical twins brought up apart share much more in common than fraternal twins. The Minnesota twin study, (Bouchard, 1984 as cited by Bee 2000 p266) not only demonstrated this point, but also uncovered striking similarities in aspects such as taste in clothes, hobbies and interests, posture, body language etc. in identical twins who had never met each other. The biological approach to personality is strongly supported by a large amount of empirical research and as such is difficult to dispute. As Bee (2000) explains there is simply no refuting the fact that built-in genetic and physiological patterns underlie what we think of as both temperament and personality. (Bee 2000 p269) Some studies show that as much as 60% of our personality is genetically determined. A further strength in the biological explanation is that it is interactionist, thereby acknowledging the role of the environment in addition to the biological factors. The biological approach has one main weakness in that it does not account for change as temperament is not necessarily permanent.

The Purpose of Education :: Essays Papers

The Purpose of Education Education is an essential part of any society. Without education, a society would not survive for long. The purpose of education is to teach, or pass on information, from one person to another. This is so important, because this is how we as a society are able to better the society in which we live. We are passing on the knowledge of what we know so that the generation in which we pass this knowledge onto can be better off than the previous generation. If you ask any parent what their goal is for their children, many will say that it is for their children to be better off than they were. This is essential to what an education enables them to do. Education is giving one the rational powers to make better choices, to be more efficient, and to advance future knowledge. Education is gives one the tools needed to be a competent member of society. It also allows one to improve the quality of life. Education allows one to be able to use the knowledge they gain to improve health, technology, and economics. An education is a right that everyone is guaranteed and that one should take full advantage of. Education allows us to teach one to think intensively and to think critically. One will learn to be able to think for themselves. This is so important, because if one cannot think for themselves, then they will not be able to express ideas of their own. This will result in their voice not being heard in any part of their life. Education begins around age six. This early age is when a child’s brain is still creating neural pathways. By stimulating the brain at an early age, a child creates more pathways, which allows the child to think faster and retain more knowledge. This usually continues through the twelfth grade and then possibly college. If one gets to pass through the twelfth grade, does it mean that they have been fully educated? The Purpose of Education :: Essays Papers The Purpose of Education Education is an essential part of any society. Without education, a society would not survive for long. The purpose of education is to teach, or pass on information, from one person to another. This is so important, because this is how we as a society are able to better the society in which we live. We are passing on the knowledge of what we know so that the generation in which we pass this knowledge onto can be better off than the previous generation. If you ask any parent what their goal is for their children, many will say that it is for their children to be better off than they were. This is essential to what an education enables them to do. Education is giving one the rational powers to make better choices, to be more efficient, and to advance future knowledge. Education is gives one the tools needed to be a competent member of society. It also allows one to improve the quality of life. Education allows one to be able to use the knowledge they gain to improve health, technology, and economics. An education is a right that everyone is guaranteed and that one should take full advantage of. Education allows us to teach one to think intensively and to think critically. One will learn to be able to think for themselves. This is so important, because if one cannot think for themselves, then they will not be able to express ideas of their own. This will result in their voice not being heard in any part of their life. Education begins around age six. This early age is when a child’s brain is still creating neural pathways. By stimulating the brain at an early age, a child creates more pathways, which allows the child to think faster and retain more knowledge. This usually continues through the twelfth grade and then possibly college. If one gets to pass through the twelfth grade, does it mean that they have been fully educated?

Life in the Country Verse Life in the City Essay

Even though amenities are more accessible when you live in a big city, it is healthier to live in the country because of the differences in culture and the surroundings. It is healthier and safer to live in the country rather than in the city for a number of reasons, one being that there is less congestion out in the country. With congestion and over population of a city brings gangs and violence. With gangs come drugs, killings, and murders. People become very territorial when a space is over crowed or congested. It was reported that last year in the first week of summer in Battle Creek, Michigan, there was a total of 13 shootings all related to either gangs or drugs. When you live out in the country there are less people living right on top of each other. There isn’t a large amount of crime and acts of violence, because people have their space and they respect others space as well. They don’t feel as though they have to fight to keep what they have because there is plenty to go around. With that being said it is my personal opinion that with more space there is less drama that would build up the kinds of animosity that would make someone want to commit murder. Which is why growing up in the country I can’t remember a time when we had to make certain that our doors and windows were locked, that goes for both our home and our vehicles. Not only is there an increase in crime there is also an increase in pest, rodents, and critters. There are more cases of cockroach infestations in a larger city then there is out in the country that is all because of the congestion. Having to live with cockroaches creates a major health hazard because of the risks posed by cockroach antigens for people who suffer from asthma, also because they carry disease-causing germs. Some of the methods people traditionally use to eliminate them cause additional health hazards. Pesticides are never healthy to breathe in to even ingest. If you put down bate to kill them you risk them tracking it all over your home. If you have pets you have to worry about them consuming it before the cockroaches. Another way people commonly try to treat a cockroach infestation is to bomb their house. There is a reason you can’t be home for this kind of treatment, and why you need to open all the windows in your home at least an hour before you can return. It is very harmful to breathe in. Cockroach antigens are made up of proteins that can be found in the insect’s saliva, feces, eggs, and shredded cuticles. These antigens can cause allergic reactions and asthmatic episodes when they are inhaled because they are airborne. According to health house, â€Å"A large study supported by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) has demonstrated conclusively that the combination of cockroach allergy and exposure to the insects is an important cause of asthma-related illness and hospitalizations among children in U. S. inner-city areas. † There is a major difference in the surroundings that can affect a person’s health from living in a larger city versus living in the country. The food that we consume in a larger city is so full of preservatives and additives. There are more fast food restaurants available for a quick meals. Some of the side effects of eating out and ordering in all of the time include high cholesterol, and clogged arteries. The majority of foods found out in the country are organic, because they are home grown. Living in the country as a child we always had a garden with fresh vegetables. Another difference is the air that we breathe when living in a larger city, because there are so many fast food chains and factories, there is higher pollution in the air. For extremely larger cities like Chongqing, Beijing, and Shanghai they have smog alerts where you have to wear a protective mask to prevent you from breathing in harmful pollutants. When you live in the country you’re not at risk of this because there aren’t as many factories creating these pollutants, so the air is crisp and fresh. The worst thing you have to worry about in the country is when farmers lay down the fertilizer for their crops that is an unpleasant smell. One good thing about living in a larger city as opposed to living out in the country would be that there are hospitals. When you live out in the country there aren’t as many hospitals available to you. Just like with everything else there is so much more open space and less people, which create less reasons and finances to have a hospital, because there are fewer reasons for health risks and that you are less likely to have to rush off to an emergency room, doesn’t mean that there shouldn’t be one close by you never know what might happen. A farmer might get his hand caught in a machine while trying to perform routine maintenance. A child could ingest some sort of chemicals such as pesticides. This would have to be the only down fall I can see about life in the country versus living in a large city. However for an extreme emergency there is always an option of having an air lift. You can also still call 911 and have an ambulance out to your place maybe even sometimes faster than if you were living in the city just because there is less traffic. There are always going to be things that challenge our health, wellness, and survival; however, the risks are higher living in the city as opposed to living in the country for two main reasons. First when living in the city there is so much more congestion, overcrowding, and diversity that can bring out the worst in people; in this case, the worst of these brought out are drugs and violence. When you live out in the country you don’t have to worry about these kinds of things as much. The second thing that challenges our health and wellness is what we consume. The air that we breathe to the nourishment we give to our bodies. We are not perfect but the little things that we can change to improve our situation the closer we can come to optimal health and wellness. References americanlungassociation. com battlecreekenquire. com healthhouse. com

Corporation and Florida International University Essay

I am writing this letter regarding my request for funding to attend a business writing course at Florida International University. This course is only held once a year in our area and it will be on the 11 day of July ending on the 13 day of July 2013. The business writing course is the only course held of its kind and it is the most cost-effective professional development opportunity available to me this year. The writing course offers all the tools, techniques and concepts related to business writing, such as critical problem solving with employee communication skills, this course will be a major benefit and provide me with additional knowledge on skills I already possess; by teaching me how to write more clear, crisp and effective. The course will also guide me on how to dissect business documents so that our organizational initiatives will accelerate and performance should increase within Smith International, I will also gain more knowledge on the clarity, impact, and overall professionalism of on-the-job e-mails, letters, and reports which I deal with on a day-to-day basis. The course will be taught by Dr. James Johnson; a world renowned professor for Harvard University Business School, Dr.  Johnson has written several books and has lectured at more than 100 universities worldwide, his expertise and recognition in business writing has not gone unnoticed. Dr. James Johnson has been recognized for his work with U. S government organizations for his ability to critique an array of documents, his ability to analyze policies of privately sealed government documents. He has made his mark and comprehension on business corporations and governments all over the world. The business writing course that will be held at Florida International University will be a cost of ($250 value) this will include a business writing certification, recognizing the completion of the course, all the information printed on paper and presented, is free for all writing course participants, and can be shared with my colleagues who are not able to attend the course at this time. Thank you for considering this request for me to attend the business writing course.

Causes of the 2008 Financial Crisis

Causes of the 2008 Financial Crisis Free Online Research Papers In this past year and especially the last two months; I have seen the Fed do things that I have never even deemed possible. There have been so many rules of fundamental economics that have been broken in the last 2 months that it is very hard to say what the actual constitutional powers of the US Fed is/are. I understand that these are unprecedented times but some of these actions and non-actions, I feel as though were not fully formulated. The Federal Reserve (Central Bank) was made so that the government would not be connected to the money supply, so that fiscal policy and monetary policy could work independently. It was an action to decentralize our government. I feel as though now this has been reversed and we are currently moving towards a more socialist/fascist society. The best Federal Chairmen/Policy makers are ones that are credible and are able to maintain a level of predictability in the markets as to what policy will be in the future. This allows expected inflation and unemployment not to rise as much as if they were unpredictable and/or uncertain. This could be easily shown with a Phillips curve diagram; this brings me back to my point of fundamental economics and Bernanke’s disregard for noble prize winners and highly value economic tools. I believe that back in January when the Fed, made emergency rate cuts (.75 basis points) it completely disrupted the market. This spiked the future volatility index and issues of uncertainty and Bernanke’s level of credibility in the market. I have always been taught the best chairman’s are the ones who everyone hates. At that point in time I feel as though Trichet was personifying the perfect chairman for the ECB. Furthermore, we saw all time highs in the euro, leading to an inflationary/energy bubble, which further worsened the American economy/outlook. Bernanke in my opinion, is a push over; he does whatever the markets tell him to do and does not use his fundamental economic models i.e. IS-LM-IP appropriately to see the effects of his policy making until recently. I remember reading the minutes of the March 2008 FOMC meeting and Bernanke explaining that this is a commodity driven recession. But we all know this was a collapse in the housing market and the deregulations of credit default swaps, etc. I believe Bernanke, actually made this matter worse, by cutting only the Fed Funds Rate so fast and not the discount window until recently makes no sense to me. The inflationary bubble led to an energy bubble in which trillions have been lost by hedge funds and other speculators due to liquidations/redemptions etc; which further drove down the market. The huge rate cuts also helped increase the LIBOR rate, which almost all mortgages’ are tied to which in turn increased delinquencies’ of mortgage payments and further increased foreclosures, making credit even tighter, bank losses higher and essentially a very bad spiral. The only reason why we were not printing negative GDP was because our currency was so weak that our exports compensated for the other weak components of GDP. I feel as though rather than facing the problem head on, he has done nothing but delay/avoid it; it being a recession. This is where we are at now; the beginning of most likely a depression, high deflation and extremely high unemployment. Not once when we had very high inflation in the first two quarters of this year did Bernanke speak up at the G7 Meetings ; with reference to currency and the possibility of intervention, in the form of pegging or buying back the dollar. It was well documented at the time by Bloomberg that there is a .97 correlation between the EUR/USD and Oil. I just don’t understand how someone who claims this is a commodity driven recession can just sit back and let inflation explode. Not only that but his FOMC statements were very dovish making matters far worse. On the other side; Trichet stayed hawkish and stood his ground, he played the role and did his job. Even though it made since for him to cut rates because then inflation would actually decrease because the US dollar would appreciate and the price of oil being dollar dominated would go down, lowering the Euro-Zone inflationary levels. Where has this brought us? We have a Fed Chairman, who claims to be an expert on the causes of the Great Depression yet it seems as though he may have actually just created his self -fulfilling prophecy. September, the introduction of TARPS; Bernanke had became so desperate because of the fact that he cut rates to soon and by too much that he had no ammunition to stimulate/stabilize the economy. Even at the congressional hearing Bernanke would not speak, he said very little if anything while Paulson did most the talking. I could tell Bernanke knew he screwed up big time and/or that we were in big trouble. He was breaking our constitution/his delegated powers, the very reason why his job was created essentially was unfolding in front of his very own eyes. This bill (TARPS), which was supposedly passed, on a Friday; which is what everyone on Wall Street was told was expected to boost the market. It ended up being defeated in the congress and cost the market 1.3 trillion dollars; anothe r failure of the Bernanke regime. Finally, after a week or so the bill is passed and Paulson and Bernanke are given a tranche of 350 Billion. It so happens that at this very same time almost all of Europe is also facing a financial crisis (U.K., Euro-Zone).Paulson and Bernanke decide to do direct capital injections into the banks. They had determined that the ability to price the MBS would be too difficult as they were packaged very complexly. I believe that these direct liquid capitalizations are no more than a form of a rate cut. They in essence do the same thing flood the money market and try to provide liquidity. It is just a different weapon the Fed is not supposed to have access to; the treasury. I believe Bernanke, learned from his lesson of the energy bubble and did the right thing with the coordinated worldwide rate cuts. This in effect neutralized the currency (worldwide) and purchasing power which kept inflation levels the same while at the same time providing the markets with capital. We also finally saw the lowering of the discount window. I feel as though Bernanke was out to lunch, if the discount window was not 3.25% while Fed Funds rates were at 2% and he had not pushed LIBOR up to 4% by unexpected drastic rates cuts; I don’t think we would have needed to waste the 350-700 billion in direct capital injections to banks. I remember reading about how never had there been such a spread between the discount window and the funds rate until around march ’08. With the minutes of the Fed continuously changing economic outlooks, a chairman that has lost all credibility and predictability things will only get much worse until the new office takes over. There is also a high lack of transparency of where this bailout money is going, which further leads to the decrease in credibility of the Fed. Currently, as recent as November 10th, the fed loaned 2 trillion to undisclosed institutions. Which is well documented on Bloomberg’s website; the fed is currently being sued by Bloomberg for the rights to the informa tion of who the loans were made to. I currently do not trust this government one bit. I believe they are entering uncharted waters. They gave away billions with no or very few rules outlined. Many banks have used this money for mergers, pensions, etc. The very three reasons we are where we are Credit Default Swaps, Foreclosures, and Credit availability all of which are becoming bigger problems as every new day passes. We are not attacking the root of the problem but are rather taking a wait and see what happens type attitude. Our monetary/fiscal discretionary programs are gone we are lost. Our very own government does not know what to do. As Paulson explained in his interviews things have changed, we have realized that the money would not be well spent by purchasing toxic assets. Some of the most successful billionaire investors say the government should just keep quite. In reality they are only making things worse, they have lost their credibility; they need to stop with their ambi guity and get back to stabilizing the economy and not disrupting it. When we let Bearn Stearns fall which led to the collapse of AIG, then we realized we can’t let AIG fall, it’s as if we are one step behind in this; which is further making matters worse. What’s next? Will we let the car manufactures fall? And lose trillions of dollars in social surplus; when all we need to do is nationalize them, make Natural Gas cars like foreign countries and use our natural gas that the U.S. owns and drills for. Before this I had a lot of respect for my government, after watching this unfold I have realized that these politicians do not care about us citizens but rather only to be reelected. As far as the actions that are currently being taken place by the Fed, Treasury, Congress; I would have to conclude they are failing in almost all aspects. We have a huge deflationary problem on our hands, rather than doing what FDR did with gold; I believe we should have a G-20 Pegging of currencies, the dollar is gaining too much momentum, we will not ha ve price, inflationary and unemployment stability until this is controlled. Furthermore, maybe the Fed should be the clearing house for these Credit Default Swaps, or the government should just nullify them. I also believe we must keep people in their homes, it costs the economy welfare to foreclose homes and from an economic standpoint. If are bailing out AIG; why can’t we just fix mortgage rates temporarily until the economy gets back on track, this will help stabilize the housing market and inflation, interest rates and prices etc. I would like to also mention the last cut when Bernanke announced it the market funds rate was already below one percent. Never have I seen such divergence between the target rate of the fed and what the actual market is at or even seen CNBC show such a thing. This just an illustration of the lack of credibility/uncertainty in which he possesses. He set his target rate at one percent the market had already priced in .75% but this most likely had to be from the sums of money flooding the system. With a monetary policy which is ineffective, a chairman who keeps delaying the inevitable it can only get worse from here. Never in my life, have I been so upset with the government, why are we using stimulus packages? Any economist knows that a tax- cut has an ambiguous effect on GDP and interest rates. We are running a 1 trillion dollar deficit this year with nothing to show for it. Which I believe is highly understated. Furthermore, I conclude that on all fronts for which the fed is respon sible for; Objectives, Instruments, and Channels we are failing. This is just the beginning of what could be the worst depression America has yet to face. : Press Releases/ Statements: Primary source: federalreserve.gov Analysis of statements in calendar portion: Primary source Wall Street Journal Research Papers on Causes of the 2008 Financial CrisisInflation TargetingCash or Card?American Central Banking and OilGap Analysis: Lester ElectronicsDefinition of Export QuotasEnzymes Proteins Amino AcidsA Marketing Analysis of the Fast-Food RestaurantWhat are Stock OptionsGlobal Distributive Justice is UtopianGene One the Transition from Private to Public