Charles Dickens :: GCSE English Literature Coursework

Charles fiend Something about Charles Dickens and his ability to take his commentator to unbelievable places with his imaginative powers allows him the honor of being the most popular English impertinentist of the 19th century. Dickens has thrilled his readers for many years with his down-to-earth stories about substantial people forced into real situations. Charles Dickens has the ability to tell his stories from personal experiences. He fine-tuned his ability to tell his own story through the life of some other character or cast of characters. Born on the evening of February 7, 1812, Charles Dickens was the second child of his parents, John and Elizabeth Dickens.. Although he was a solitary child, Dickens was observant and good natured . Looking can on this period of his life, Dickens thought of it as the golden age (Carey 6). In the first novel that he wrote, The Pickwick Papers, Dickens tries to bring back the good old ages as he remembers them with their pict uresque nature. Gary Carey believes that this novel displays the happiness of innocence and the playful spirit of the youth during the time of Dickenss youthful days (7). Overtaken by financial difficulties, the Dickens family was forced to move into a shabby suburb of Camden Town. This move must have shown the family how good they had it back in Chatham. There Dickens was removed from school and forced to work degrading menial notes in an effort to help his struggling father pitch food on the table. Dickens was put to work in a blackening factory among many rough and cruel employees, probably the worst job in town. Shortly after Dickens started working in the factory his father was thrown into jail for failure to pay his debts, only to be released lead months later. This period of time affected Dickens greatly as he went into a period of depression. He felt abandoned and destroyed by this iniquity roller-coaster ride of life he was on. From this time period come many o f the major themes of his more popular novels. Perhaps the most popular of these novels is David Copperfield. In this novel Dickens depicts a young man who grows up in a very similar way to that of his own (Allen 28).

Rent: The Musical Essay -- Rent Musicals Descriptive narrative Essays

Rent. To most people it is associated with an apartment, house, or another object. This intelligence information r arely conjures pleasant memories, but more often annoyance and stress. However, when someone mentions rent to me, my mind races to some of the most memorable experiences in my flavour.When I hear the member Rent, I immediately see an eclectic Broadway production, overflowing with talent, adventure, and magic. I picture scantly clad actresses, strutting across the stage. I envision stunning duets and thought-provoking lyrics. That single word transports me to a different time and place.In order to adequately depict my feelings, I must start at the beginning. In the fall(a) of 1996, I embarked on my maiden NYC voyage. Armed with a camera, city guide, and my little sister, I headed for New York to discover myself. As I began this adventure, I had no idea how it would end. When I set down at JFK I was a little girl, trying to have some fun, but by the time I boarded the plane to head home my being had changed.We began with the typical touristy attractions the Statue of Liberty, Ellis Island, Soho, Central Park, and shopping. We had been planning this trip for months and had poured over every detail. From the time the plane landed, we were living by a minute-to-minute schedule. This was a well form trip and The Great White Way was not on the agenda. Or so we thought.Our second to last day in New York started like all the others. Breakfast. Shopping. Sites. Back to the hotel. However, upon returning to our rooms, my stepmother (who was escorting us on this journey) handed me three tickets. Across the top of them, it read The Nederlander Theatre presents Jonathan Larsons RENT. I was completely stunned and my ey... ... my sister and I returned to New York. Once again we made the trek to the Nederlander. We took our seats and relished the memories. While the cast was different, the affect was similar. It opened our eyes and renewed our appreciation for those that are different than us. I feel in love with it all over again. Even though I had seen the show in Indianapolis and Chicago, there was something closely sitting in that theater that made it special.RENT is only a musical. It was written by a man that was passionate for life. Jonathan Larson took his dream and made it a reality for everyone that sits in the audience. That passion is the reason it remains one of the most influential productions in Broadway history. If it werent for his dream and devotion, it would not be what it is today. That passion is what changed my life and the lives of thousands of others.

business plan Essay -- essays research papers

Fast n knowing Premium meth drub parlorFast n refreshedIceCreamFast n strong- - good for youStatement of PurposeThe purpose of this lineage plan is to supporting a request for a 75,000five-year bank loan to purchase equipment and inventory as part of thefinancing for a start-up sole proprietorship, Fast n Fresh Premiun Ice CreamParlor. The business lead be owned by Daniel W. Beese and go out be locatedin leased space at 858 achievement Ave in the new riverbank Faire shoppingcenter, Jacksonville, FL 32211. The owner impart provide a minimum of 75,00in initial equity.The business will serve heavy and premium ice cream, yogurt,sandwiches, and nonalcholic beverages to the generally upscale target marketof Riverside Faire. Based on the financial and competive analysis presentedin this plan, Fast n Fresh Premium Ice Cream Parlor will be sucessful.It is anticipated that Fast n Fresh Premium Ice Cream Parlor willbecome established in Jacksonville, FL within two solar days an d will becomeknown throughout the North Florida area within five years with the potentialof multiple locations. The Fast n Fresh Premium Ice Cream Parlors distinctlogo, its reputation for fast return and only the freshest ingredients, plus itsslogan, Fast n Fresh- good for you will provide a distinctive competiveedge.The owner, Daniel W. Beese, has founded three highly successful food table service businesses in the North Florida area. The owner holds anundergraduate degree and a MBA from the University of Florida.The Business DescriptionFast n Fresh Premium Ice Cream Parlor will be a start-up ice creamparlor located in leased space at 858 Success Ave in the new Riverside Faireshopping Center, Jacksonville, FL 32211. A ninety-day option has been takenon this location. The estimated opening day is April 2002.Daniel W. Beese will own the business as a sole proprietorship. Eachof the business owned by Daniel W. Beese has broken even after only sixmonths and was sold for a minimum of t hree times the owners investment.Fast n Frsh Ice Cream Parlor will be an upscale restaurant selling premiumice cream, yogurt, sandwiches, and hot... ...ations in Jacksonville, FL. The closest brag Flavors is four miles away . Superior Flavors is well known for theircreative yogurt and ice cream flavors. Their products are priced moderatelyand they do not serve sandwiches. Superior Flavors has a competiveadvantage with its name recognition. Fast n Fresh has a advantage beacuseit offers sandwiches.PersonnelThe business will operate using local University, Community College,and high direct students as its principle employees. This will reflect ayouthful, invigorating image consistent with its Fast n Fresh -- good foryou slogan. The manager will be an experienced person from one of theowners other businesses. A special employee benefit will be Fast n FreshPremium Ice Cream Parlor scholarships covering tuition and books. Thisoffer will only be good after employees complete the ninety d ay probationperiod. The majority of the employees will be part time with a full timemanager. Student employees will earn 6.50/hr with oppurtunities for payincreases. The manager will be paid 10% above prevailing salary levels. Apolicy of promotion form within will be adopted.

Examine the influence of Heaneys childhood upon his poetry :: English Literature

Examine the influence of Heaneys childhood upon his poetryIntroductionSeamus Heaney was born on a farm in county Derry in North Ireland onApril 13th 1939 he was one of nine children.The Heaney family had lived in that area for centuries and had beenfarmers for generations. He grew up in the country and the countrysidewas a crucial focus point for his poetry, this is staten in the poemsThe early purges, The forge, Digging, Follower and decease of anaturalist.He grew up in a rural community which was very important to him aswell as village traditions, history and religion.Nature was important to him. This is illustrated in Death of anaturalist and Follower. He looked back to the farm for inspiration inhis writing when he writes about the farm in Digging and the follower.In Follower, Seamus writes about his father Patrick. Seamus had agreat deal of respect and admires his father for his farming skill over again this is evident in Follower. Seamus and his father separated asSeamus grew smarter and away from the farming life and towards poetryand literature.Heaney was Catholic and at school he became aware of the Catholic andProtestant problems in Ireland which later inspired him to write aboutpolitics and the problems in Ireland.Heaney wrote very realistic poems about life in the countryside andwanted to show what it was really like (rough and hard).This is clearin Death of a Naturalist and Early purges.When he was twelve he won a scholarship to St Coluns embarkation schoolin Derring later he won another scholarship to Queens university wherehe studied English. When he was at university he started to writepoems and the increase problems in Ireland became apparent to himand his poems examined these problems.In the early sixties he wrote his prototypic volume Death of a naturalist.Analyzing four Heaney PoemsI have chosen Death of a naturalist, Follower, Digging and The earlypurges because I think they represent the influences that Heaneyschildhood had on his poems .Death of a naturalist was one of Heaneys first poems and was thetitle of his first volume. The poem symbolizes the innocence ofchildhood because he uses simple and uncomplicated language. Theteacher in the poem is very patronizing and explains sex and mating ina very toned down way she said, The daddy frog was called thebullfrog and how he croaked and how the mammy frog laid hundreds oflittle eggs and this was frogspawn.The early sectionalisation of the poem is seen through the eyes of a child and as

Behavioral Phenotypes of Inbred Mouse Strains :: essays research papers

Molecular geneticists adjudge recently been using targeted gene line mutations so as to effectively isolate certain genes as world the cause of a specific phenotype. However the effects of a gene can be a result of complex interactions within its genetic background. Scientist have tried to maintain and isogenic genetic background. However in choosing the appropriate isogenic background it is important that all of the effects of it be documented so that the appropriate alternative of genetic background can be chosen for an expected phenotype and so that the results can be interpreted properly. The effects of different strains on the performance of diverse different tests of an brutes behavior are documented here. A well established measure of mouse behavior is open field locomotion. In this measurement a mouses amount of movement, rate of movement and other behaviors are measured. These measurements are proposed to suggest specific levels of emotionality and anxiety in mic e as well as other underlying traits. The levels of activity and anxiety have been measured for specific strains. The best choice for a strain when essay to assess the level of activity or anxiety for a mutation is the strain that is known to produce the opposite level of anxiety or activity. thither are two types of learning tasks that have been assessed for. Complex learning tasks involve and animal using multiple pieces of information simultaneously and Avoidance tasks which involve the animal avoiding a location where they have previously received a shock. Other behavioral traits that have been assessed are aggressiveness, reproductive behavior and the effects of acoustic begin where the reaction of a mouse to a loud noise is measured as well as its reaction when the sound is preceded by a comparatively quiet soundThe effects of genetic strains have also been studied with regard to their effects on certain drugs. The effects of drugs such as ethyl alcohol show that it i s very hard to generalize the effects of a specific drug on a specific strain since the reactions vary with the dose precondition and with the reinforcing effect that it has on the mice. In some studies it was shown that despite the noticeable mean effect of ethanol on a strain it did not have the kindred effect with a different dose. However certain generalizations of strains sensitivity to ethanol have shown themselves to be robust across several procedural variations.

Behavioral Phenotypes of Inbred Mouse Strains :: essays research papers

Molecular communicableists begin recently been using targeted gene line mutations so as to effectively isolate certain genes as being the cause of a specific phenotype. However the effects of a gene can be a result of complex interactions within its genetic background. Scientist have tried to maintain and isogenic genetic background. However in choosing the reserve isogenic background it is important that all of the effects of it be documented so that the appropriate selection of genetic background can be chosen for an expected phenotype and so that the results can be interpreted properly. The effects of different caudexs on the exertion of various different tests of an animals behavior are documented here. A well established measure of mouse behavior is open field locomotion. In this measurement a mouses amount of movement, rate of movement and other behaviors are measured. These measurements are proposed to suggest specific levels of emotionality and fretting in mice as well as other underlying traits. The levels of activity and anxiety have been measured for specific strains. The best choice for a strain when trying to assess the level of activity or anxiety for a mutation is the strain that is known to produce the opposite level of anxiety or activity. There are two types of learning tasks that have been assessed for. Complex learning tasks train and animal using multiple pieces of information simultaneously and Avoidance tasks which involve the animal avoiding a location where they have previously received a shock. Other behavioral traits that have been assessed are aggressiveness, reproductive behavior and the effects of acoustical startle where the reaction of a mouse to a loud noise is measured as well as its reaction when the sound is preceded by a relatively quiet soundThe effects of genetic strains have also been studied with regard to their effects on certain drugs. The effects of drugs such as ethanol show that it is very hard to generalize the effects of a specific drug on a specific strain since the reactions vary with the dit given and with the reinforcing effect that it has on the mice. In some studies it was shown that despite the noticeable mean effect of ethanol on a strain it did not have the same effect with a different dose. However certain generalizations of strains sensitivity to ethanol have shown themselves to be robust across several procedural variations.

Acceptance of Electronic Tax Filing System Essay

LITERATURE REVIEWGovernments around the world are started relying on e-government system such as e-filing system to improve their efficiency and effectiveness in tax return. The number of literatures is getting more on e-filing system. According to Azmi and Bee (2010), Azmi et al. (2012), Fu et al. (2006), Schaupp et al. (2010) and Suhani Anuar and Radiah Othman (2010), they assessed the acceptance intention of the e-filing system by exploitation Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and speculation of Planned Behavior (TPB). In the previous literatures, the determinants of e-filing tax system in the TAM which widely used are perceive usefulness and perceived still of use. Besides the technology adoption determinants, perceived risk is also an important prediction that used to examine the attitude of taxpayers toward e-filing tax system. In the five existent literatures and studies, perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use and perceived risk are the determinants of variables which used to measure and examine the intention of use or behavioural intention. curb more Defining research problem and setting objectives EssayPerceived usefulness is defined as the users perception of the probability of using a system will increase his or her job performance and perceived ease of use is defined as the perception of the degree of friendly movement the user needs to use the system (Azmi and Bee, 2010 Fu et al., 2006). Perceived risk is defined as the perception of the amount of loss or uncertainty that a user will encounter while pursuing a desired outcome (Ng and Bee. 2010 Fu et al, 2006 Schaupp et al., 2010). From the mentioned literature, the another(prenominal) factors which used to examine the intention to use included subjective norms/social work (Fu et al., 2006 Schaupp et al., 2010), self-efficacy (Fu et al, 2006), facilitating conditions (Fu et al., 2006 Schaupp et al., 2010 Suhani Anuar and Radiah Othman, 2010), amount of information (Suhani Anuar and Rad iah Othman, 2010) and optimism bias (Schaupp et al., 2010).Based on the findings, all the results show that the intention of use of e-filing system was largely driven by perceived usefulness. This resultindicates that the behavioral intention of users will increase when perceived usefulness increase because taxpayers would like to have a system which is useful to them. Past researches were irreconcilable on whether perceived ease of use was significant positively influence the intention of use. Azmi and Bee (2010) and Suhani Anuar and Radiah Othman (2010) found that perceived ease of use was positively affected behavioral intention. On the other hand, Azmi et al. (2012), Fu et al. (2006) and Schaupp et al. (2010) shows that perceived ease of use was negatively affected behavioral intention which was insignificant influence.The contrary results might reveal some taxpayers do not think that an easy system could affect their intention to use e-filing system because they might have the ir own point of view. While some other taxpayers would like to have an easier system to assist them in dealing with tax return. According to Azmi and Bee (2010), Azmi et al. (2012) and Suhani Anuar and Radiah Othman (2010), they found that perceived ease of use has the significant positive influence on perceived usefulness. This justifies that a user-friendly system is considered as useful system to consumers.

Why Should We Legalize Gay Marriage?

Why should we legalize man marriage? Or, in other words, why isnt aerial marriage legalized already? Same-sex marriage is just closely as humane as opposite-sex marriage. One in ten mess are gay. Seems perfectly normal to me. Is it normal to you? And whateverway, why dont people like both gays marrying? Lets start out with the facts. The evidence. The nitty-gritty of all this debate. One out of ten people are gay or lesbian. So theres about twenty-eight people in this class, am I veracious? So thats at least twain people that are gay, technically. But if your friend was gay, would you hate them for it?Would you turn well-nigh to be the face of injustice and all that is un honorable? Would you be the person translating hate to your friend because he or she is homosexual? Would you be the so-called friend that is the count on of degrading human rights? Theres this other statement too, which really gets me. A heterosexual woman can get four or five marriages in her life, when t wo same-sex lovers cant even get one. How does this work? Oh, religion, religion, religion, you crack us up in so many ways. Apparently, in the Bible, gay marriage is sin. Yet, you say God loves everyone. Yet, its finely to SELL your children into slavery. Yet, its alright to DISCRIMINATE mortal because he or she likes the same sex. In some cases, religious people stroll around the streets of England with signs stating GOD HATES FAGS. Is this fair? As Russell Howard once said Jesus isnt gay or straight, hes bisexual because hes in everyone. What Im about to say is a true story. Imagine a black flag year old student, blonde hair, brown yes, almost six feet in height and has a chiselled chin. This young lads name is Matthew Shepard.Your average university student, am I right? One the night/morning of the 6th and 7th of October, he was attacked and brutally tortured. He passed away on the 12th of October from fatal head injuries. During the trail, witnesses expressed that Matthew was homosexual. read yourselves, is it right to slaughter an innocent person because they like the same gender? The two murderers, Aaron McKinney and Russell Henderson robbed, pistol-whipped and tortured Matthew, and then tied him to a fence in a rural area, leaving him to rot and bleed to death all on his own.After this, Aaron and Russell acquired Matthews home address and were intending to burglarize his own home. My fellow students, look at me in the eyes, is this more humane than accepting your friend for being gay? Bullying is a common occurrence when students and teenagers admit they are homosexual. Stupid expressions like OI FAG, GO CRY ON YOUR BOYFRIENDS SHOULDER can emotionally disturb someone. A so-called joke such as Eww, lok, theres the local lezzo. can tear someone to pieces. Are you going to be that self-centered, halfwit who bullies someone because of their sexuality?Let me tell you this, this is one of the stupidest mistakes you can make in life. Bullying someone is low. In fact, you could high-five the tease because you stooped that low. In some cases, bullying takes a unusual turn of events and the victim bites back. Like Frankie Boyle said I would have loved to have a gay dad. Do you remember at school, there were always kids saying My dads bigger than your dad, my dad ordain batter your dad So what? My dad will have sex with your dad. And your dad will enjoy it. I envision a world where people can openly admit they are gay without feeling oppressed or scared of the reaction. I envision a world wherein homophobia ceases to exist. I envision a world where a same-sex marriage occurs without any fuss from religion and/or politics. I envsion a world where families will not iniquity their child for being homosexual. This is why we should legalize gay marriage. By doing this, you are bringing more equality to the world, and you are bringing smiles to the faces of those who can like a shot marry their dearly beloved.By accepting homosexuali ty instead of denying it, we are now creating a healthier atmosphere for all. I want to go home next week thinking that we have made a change for the lesbian, bisexual, gay and transsexual community for all. So, please, next time you see a gay or lesbian couple walking down the street, accept them and dont shout bumpy words at them. Next time, if you see a fellow student in school which rumours tell him or her is a fag, dont jump on the abuse bandwagon. Because all this world needs is a bit of love. Thank you all for listening.

Identities and Cultures Essay

Everybody in the world is a unique soulfulness within themselves. We ar both our own person and express the person we atomic number 18 through divergent forms. We also confront who we are through identities and also through our culture that we are in. The identity we choose to wipe out is up to us, so is the way that we express our identity. This was shown in our screen out through many different activities such as our YouTube list, interpreting, graffiti, movies, etcetera As I stated earlier people convey their identities in many different ways, which makes conveying your identity so very much more interesting, imputable to the fact you choose how to show the person you are however you want.We can also express our identity through different genres. Different genres call for different genre conventions, and the way we show our identity. I mean that all genres allow us to show the person that we are, but all of the different genres show who we are in different ways. Twitt er allows us to display our opinions for others to see, Graffiti allows us to show the type of person we are through pictures, while YouTube allows us to show people who we are through sound. All of these genres regard on the culture or identity of the person presenting them. We saw a movie (Bend It Like Beckham) that displayed the Indian, and side of meat cultures.We also saw graffiti in our assumeing that can show many different identities, and cultures. The cultures represented in genre convention all depend on the person who is presenting their work, or genre, to you. I presented my identity in many different ways to the class. I displayed my identity to the class through YouTube, and a diverting Strip, and communication with my peers also showed my identity. Outside of class I display my identity through social media networks such as Twitter. Through the process of making my presentations I did come through some small minor problems.When it came it to producing my funny f orayand YouTube video, the only problem was choosing a situation in which I should present to the class. later I choose what to do, the creation of my final product that represented my identity was very easy because I knew everything that happened. Personally, I dont have a problem presenting these comic strips and practice of medicine Videos to the class because those are all part of who I am, and I have no problem with who I am.My presentations that I showed to the class were mostly through visuals, and communication. For my YouTube list I showed a song by Zac Brown Band featuring Jimmy Buffet called Knee Deep.Itis a soil song that gives off a very relaxing vibe, and the relaxing mood is also shown in the video and lyrics. I choose that song because I believe that everybody wishs to relax, and take it easy. Everybody deserves a break once in a while, and when that opportunity comes to relax, you should take advantage of it.For my comic strip I choose a situation I was in when I went to basketball camp at the University of Notre Dame. I was scared going into it because I didnt know anybody else that was going. After a while of being with my team I was assigned to I wasnt scared anymore because everybody Iwas surrounded by was so friendly.This represented who I was because after that camp I realized that most people are friendly, its full the fact that theyre just as scared to lambaste to you as you are, and you just need to be who you are and everything will work itself out.For these pieces I addressed my peers as my audience due to the fact I knew I was going to be presenting these in my class with people are in the same age level as I am. When I was producing the products I was query what the people would think of my presentation. Not nesecarrily if they would like it because I dont really care if they likethe presentation or not, but rather just overall what they thought of the experience I was presenting to them.Also when creating the presentations I was thinking about the people who helped shape the identity I became today such as friends, family, pets, coaches, etc. Those people are the reason I am the person I am today, and I also take credit to for being the person I am and having the identity I have because I am the person who has made the decisions I have made throughout my life that have helped to form my identity. Through the whole process I did feel disconnected from some of the material we studied.One of the assignments I felt disconnected from was the comic strip Persepolis. The reasoning behind the feeling of disconnect is due to the fact that I am neither a women, nor part of the culture that is represented in the comic strip. Also, the comic strip confused me a little. I think this because I was ignorant of the situation that her and her family were apart of. Also, I felt disconnect, and confusion initially when reading the script that was assigned for the movie Bend It Like Beckham. This was mainly due to confu sion because the script jumped around a lot because it was a script for the trailer.I thought I was going to be disconnected from the movie too, due to the fact the main characters are different genders than I am, and they are also from a different culture than I am. I did find connection to my identity in the movie though through soccer because I have forever had a great interest in sports. Soccer isnt my favorite sport, but I still respect the game and enjoy watching the creative activity Cup, and International games. My research process has basically been the same since the start of high school. I start out by getting all the materials I need or even think I might need when writing my paper.By doing this I eliminate writing a sentence stopping and looking for more info. In my opinion its quicker to gather all materials initially. After that I look through material to gather information that I might need for my presentation by highlighting the information or writing it down. Af ter this I write my introductory paragraph. Once that is completed I then look at information that I will need for my first paragraph. Then I write my first body paragraph on all the information I choose from the materials that I found. This process is then repeated until my paper is ultimately complete. Of course then I willread the paper a few more times to check for grammatical errors, and other mistakes.Other parts of my research process include listening to music. Music is big part of my writing because it helps me focus a lot. I love listening to Music, and do it all the time when walking to class, working out, homework, or sometimes when I have free time. Listening to music isnt just a key part to writing papers. It is a key part in my identity and helps me express who I am to others. Overall this assignment and research that we have done in class has made me realize how much our identity actually means to us.Everyone is unique and has the exact same identity as another perso n. Everyones identity is unique which really makes it that more special. As much of a cliche it is, everyone really is unique in their own way, but in todays world some peoples identities arent undertakeable in certain countries, and cultures. The world has seemed to have evolved into a place where only certain identities are accepted, but it shouldnt be like that. We should be able to accept people for who they truly are and that is one of the main lessons that I have learned from this chapter on different cultures and identities.

Boeing Corporation Essay

From Boeing incorporated Structure (Chart 1), it shows Chairman, Executive President and Chief Executive Officer, which is represented by one individual to be credi devilrthy for Executive Vice President who also acts as Chief Financial Officer and is responsible for finance department eon the president is responsible for foreign matter. Executive Vice President is also responsible and in charge of six other Senior Vice- Principals who in turn in charge of opposite departments such as law, business development and strategy, human resources and administration, communication, and internal governance.From the production management side, Boeings Business Development and Strategy is operating under two units, which are Boeing moneymaking(prenominal) Airplanes and Boeing Integrated defence force Systems. Supporting these two units are Boeing Capital Corporation, Boeing Shared Ser misdeeds Group, and Engineering, Operations & Technology, Aircraft Financial Services and Space & Defense Financial Services.From Boeing Corporate Organizational Structure, it describes that the Aircraft Financial Services assists commercial aircraft customers by organisation and structuring asset-based financing, managing technical assets, and providing a broad range of competent financing solutions for Boeing Commercial Airplanes products and operate provides expertise and product offerings include backstop commitments, operating leases, financing leases, sale/leasebacks, freighter conversion financing, long- and short-term financing, and senior and subordinated secured loans.Under the charge of its vice president and general manager, again the structure describes Aircraft Financial Services works closely with Boeing Commercial Airplanes customers to develop aircraft financing solutions. Working with commercial financial institutions, the company is proactively engaged with the U. S. Export-Import Bank and other export credit agencies to ensure availability of adequate and reason ably priced financing for developing customers and regions.Aircraft Financial Services is playing an intrinsical role, along with the Aviation Working Group, in improving the global aircraft financing infrastructure and ratifying the Cape Town Treaty, which will improve the legal framework for outside(a) asset-based aircraft financing. The group also is actively engaged to enhance and expand the outstanding markets. The Space & Defense Financial Services, on the contrary, arranges and structures financing solutions for government and commercial customers approximately the world.Vice President of the financial corporation and his group work closely with Boeings Integrated Defense Systems business unit to help arrange championship for satellites, military transports, tankers and rotorcraft. Specialized projects and programs include military-related products, international disproof financing, private-public partnerships, project financing, launch vehicles, satellites and related space systems. The value creation in the companys capital business unit is based upon discriminating financing solution with a primary mission is to arrange, structure, and provide financial assistance for the sale and delivery of Boeing products and services to other business units. It also aggressively solicits and arranges third party financing for its customers as well as manages its finance and financial risk properly. Boeing recognizes the diverse and extremely skilled workforces who have large contribution to its success and has led the company to lead the world as the worlds second largest commercial and defense aircrafts.The people culture represents a lifelong learning experience. The diversity of the people also determines the culture of the company, which is for some, it is refreshing. From human development perspective, Boeing provides an opportunity for its employees to improve their skills through company-paid tuition fee program, through Boeing Leadership Center, and a continuous learning through other programs outside the company so that employees can pursue studies in unlimited handle and environmentsAccording to Boeing, its success is driven by its ability to provide our customers with the correct solutions at the right time and the right cost, more effective in addressing rising evolving requirements for capability-driven solutions, and is able to further improve execution, reduce organizational complexity, and improve competitiveness for its customers. In its Philanthropy Report, Boeing claims its commitment to being a good corporate citizen. In fact, good corporate citizenship is a core value of our company and is integral to the way we conduct business around the globe.In addition to this being a social imperative for us, we see improving the quality of life in communities where we live and work as a key element to remaining possible and vital in todays global marketplace (2). Executive members are engaging in the activity of sev eral nonprofit organizations including in college and university while employees are engaging in volunteer activities and other community programs. The company continues expanding as it generates unexampled innovations.With expansion, its capabilities and capacity also increase, from human resources development to more efficient members of its commercial airplane family integrating military platforms, defense systems and the war fighter through network-centric operations creating advanced technology solutions providing broadband connectivity on moving platforms including airplanes and arranging innovative customer-financing solutions. The company boasts of its management and leadership success in the field of commercial aircraft and integrated defense system.Its strategy is to provide the right people for the right job, technologies, processes and performance at the right time and in the right place across the company worldwide. And to take a leadership role by creating a primary supports to its business units through several organizational groups such as Phantom Works, Intellectual Property Management, and Information Technology, as well as in the Engineering, Operations, Quality, and Information Technology process councils.According to Boeing, through all its activities, Engineering, Operations & Technology helps ensure the future success of Boeing by winning strategic new programs, providing innovative technology and process solutions, transforming Boeing into a global network-centric enterprise, enhancing and protecting the companys intellectual capital, and fostering a culture of innovation. Looking at its success, Boeing has had great strategies but the recent strategy of cost management has impacted the company, especially employees downsizing.This will eventually affected the companys future performance as the second of the worlds leaders in aircraft industry. Expansion increases cost but one best thing is to keep its specialty. The only strategy I would suggest for Boeing to maintain its healthy organizational is to reduce its expansive activity, such as investors outreach program or realty activity, while maintaining its human resources. Corporate executives compensation should also be taken into consideration because no executives are successful without the employees.

Assignment #1:  Entrepreneurial Leadership

Assignment 1 EntrepreneurialLeadership A Company cannot be innovative and competitive without understand the importance of leadership. There argon three main points to identify leadership which are, having people to lead, having certain skills to reach companys objectives, being focused on and accomplishing goals. In being a leader one possess quality and empowerment.In relation to leadership in a company, three outstanding renowned leaders are, Victor Kiam, Sergey Brin and Larry Page Victor, Kiam, has been known around the world for his vastly flourishing advertising campaign as the man who liked the Remington Shaver so much, he bought the company. But Victor Kiam is much more than a TV spokesperson-he is the man who took a money-losing corporation and quadrupled its sales and turned it around. He is a classic exemplar of a productive leader and entrepreneur.Kiam demonstrates the democratic leadership style, by not only creating a great company all by himself-importance but al lowing others input, in helping impart decisions for the corporation. The approach to the major business line principles of a profit-oriented entrepreneurial in relation to Kiam gives centering to the role of entrepreneur being crucial and particular in the context of building the enterprise. He plays many roles linking human resources, finance, production, marketing, operations, research and development and overseeing the same with a broad and big picture.He networks with bankers, major clients, suppliers and others thereby ensuring smooth functioning of the enterprise. Kiam identifies the opportunity, builds the base and leads the organization by attracting and retaining the precious human resources. He usually looks at the niche areas and goes by the road less traveled. In the sense, in order to have the goal of providing a great product and to make a profit he looks for novel and innovative methods so as to try and work out his idea.Kiam is an innovator, creator, risk taker and leader. A successful entrepreneur is one who senses the opportunities constantly, manages the risk, collaborates effectively for building strong teams, raises the bar, learns from mistakes and failures and constantly innovates and pursues the project with passion gutter the end. Sergy Brin and Larry Page are known for co-founding Google in 1998, and redefined the way people use the web. Now two of the worlds richest people, they still play an active role in the company, back up resh approaches to Googles unique culture and its expanding suite of services. One would say Brin and Pages leadership style is characterized from the participative style known as democratic because both individuals are involved in the decision making process as well as working together to solve situations within the company. Many of the same principles that intuitively guide the collective innovation of the Renaissance are now being deliberately and systematically applied within the worlds fastest evo lution companies.Google as a company still aims to continuously innovate to reign new ways to organize and present the information that its users say they need and want. spick-and-span products like GoogleMaps, GoogleEarth, GoogleNews, GMail, and GoogleDocs continue to keep the company at the forefront of the field. Social Responsibility plays a main part in keeping a business wagerning smoothly The founders of Google, Larry Page and Sergey Brin believe that it is incredibly important for people to have access to information around the world and that this is something that Google can deliver.They have run into issues with foreign governments over censorship, but recently it has not been a major problem. CEO Eric Schmidt predicts that Google will become an unintended central focus around ball-shaped copyright and ownership legal issues. It is essential for the entrepreneurial leader that people is the most important resource to manage and the most effective to use. Focusing on pe ople, knowing the ways to motivate, inspires, and enabling people to act is what bets the leader to a new dynamic market level.The entrepreneurial leader is to be passionate more or less what he/she is doing. Every process has to be challenging with a devotion of time and effort. All researches in entrepreneurship view entrepreneurs as innovators. And this is the only way to side of meat increased competitiveness. Innovation today aims at obtaining dominance in a market. When it comes to Victor Kiam who is the most innovative of all US business leaders and who possess, salesman in his bones, he went beyond social responsibility within his company.When Kiam bought the company from Sperry Corporation, Remington it was a loss-making company it was Americas dominant electric razor manufacturer. Every salesman knows, a pitch preceding(prenominal) all has to have the ring of truth. In its first incarnation, the Remington ad featured Kiam in a suit. He notice the unrealistic, he perfor med the commercial in a bathrobe, only to discover that most American men did not wear a bathrobe when they shaved so he decided to use a towel.As Kiam related in a speech accepting the 1988 Outstanding Business Leader award, I draped a towel over my shoulder and cover one breast, as two breasts would have been too much for the American public. A part of the leadership style of a person is something the person was natural with and the other part is formed by multiple factors, such as, society, experience, working environment, and cultural differences. Taking all of these factors in consideration, my leadership style can be described as a combination of democratic leadership and transformational leadership.I believe I posses some of the democratic leadership style characteristics because I make sure my group members are encouraged to share their thoughts, I can lead people around me to better ideas and more creative solutions to problems. Group members alike feel more involved and committed to projects, making them more likely to care about the end results. I know I can bring the best out of an experienced and professional team. With being a democratic leader I know it capitalizes on skills and talents by others letting them share their views, sort of than simply expecting them to conform.If a decision is very complex and broad, it is important to have the different areas of expertness represented and contributing input this is where democratic leader shines. look into on leadership styles have also shown that democratic leadership leads to higher productivity among group members. Transformational leadership style is also a character I possess. I can create a clear structure of a task that needs to be done always tied together with rewards or punishments. In its ideal form, it creates valuable and positive change in the followers with the end goal of developing followers into leaders.I know that within myself I set the bar and others follow just like, tran sformational leadership which enhances the motivation, morale and performance of followers through a mannequin of mechanisms. These include connecting the followers sense of identity and self to the mission and the collective identity of the organization being a role model for followers that inspires them, challenging followers to take greater ownership for their work, and understanding the strengths and weaknesses of followers, so the leader can align followers with tasks that optimize their performance.I believe it is critical to use leadership power in a way that makes people depend less on the leader. Arising motivation and a sense of importance in followers plays an important role in leadership. Besides, the high argument and market perspective this makes me aspire after entrepreneurial leadership. The Small Business Administration (SBA) and SCORE are both useful resources for entrepreneurs. The SBA is set in get off to provide funding and to provide entrepreneurs with info rmation to assist in business operations.SCORE is a non-profit organization with chapters across the United States which has volunteers that either have been or are presently successful entrepreneurs and executives who give back by sharing their expert business advice. They provide an entrepreneur with a big range of valuable and unique to small business information, basic and general information, laws and regulations, statistics and researches are available to use in order to learn more and be a successful entrepreneur.Information presented and topics discussed make a process of opportunity searching much easier and less time and cost consuming. Furthermore, it has a live chat, blogs, and online advising system that help to find an answer or solve a problem. I will utilize the SBA to secure funding for my business. While the SBA does not make direct loans to businesses, it sets the guidelines for loans, which are thence made by lenders, community development organizations, and oth er lending institutions. SBA guarantees that these loans will be repaid, thus eliminating some of the risk to the lending partners.The SBA also has a variety of training hooey on topics such as creating business plans, marketing and outreach, laws and regulations, and many other areas. The Small Business Administration will be submissive in laying the foundation and funding for my business. SCORE will also be utilized to provide guidance and mentorship. I will utilize the expertise of SCOREs volunteers to give me valuable input on best business practices, effective strategies for success, enthusiasm and support.SCORE also has an assortment of training material ineffective strategies to manage, grow, and finance, business. The Small Business Administration and SCORE both will provide assistance on the keys to creating an appropriate business infrastructure, keys to sustainability, and strategies for growth. If you were to create your personal principles of leadership, what would the y be and explain why you would chose them. My personal principles of leadership consist of three elements, lead by example, have a sense of accountability, and inspire a shared vision.These principles are the most important components of leadership and are the essence of effective leadership. Reference page * Victor Kiam Going for it How to succeed as an entrepreneur, ISBN 0688060609 * http//investing. businessweek. com/research/stocks/private/person. asp? personId=376317privcapId=26851117previousCapId=26851117previousTitle=Lia%20Sophia * http//www. google. com/about/corporate/company/business. html * http//www. sba. gov/ * http//www. score. org/

Debt and Equity Essay

Long-term financing requires a meticulous understanding of the various features of debt and rectitude and their impact an organization. While evaluating debt and impartiality, an investment banker also has to consider the unique characteristics of the organizations dealings while ensuring that the organizations requirements are met.Debt CapitalDebt capital includes solely long-term borrowing incurred by the firm. The cost of debt was found to be less than the cost of other forms of financing. The relative inexpensiveness of debt capital is because the lenders take the least risk of whatsoever long-term contributors of capital. Their risk is less than that of other because (1) they film a higher priority of claim against any earnings or assets available for payment (2) they have a far stronger legal pressure against the company to make payment than do preferred or common buy inholders, and (3) the tax-deductibility of interest payments lowers the debt cost to the firm substantia lly. fair-mindedness CapitalEquity capital consists of the long-term funds provided by the firms owners, the stockholders. Unlike borrowed funds that must be repaid at a specified future date, equity capital is expected to remain in the firm for an indefinite period. The two basic sources of equity capital are (1) preferred stock and (2) common stock equity, which includes common stock and retained earnings. Common stock is typically the most expensive form of equity, followed by retained earnings and preferred stock, think ofively (Pinegar, Wilbricht, 1989).A firms capital structure is determined by the mix of long-term debt and equity it uses in financing its operations. Debt and equity capital differ with respect to voice in management, claims on income and assets, maturity, and tax treatment. Capital structure can be externally assessed using the debt ratio and the debt-equity ratio to measure the firms degree of indebtedness or the times interest earned ratio and the fixed-pay ment coverage ratio to measure its ability to meet fixed financial payments. seek suggests is an optimal capital structure that balances the firms benefits and cost of debt financing. The major benefit of debt financing is the tax-deductible interest, and the costs of debt financing include theprobability of bankruptcy, agency costs imposed by lenders in their loan agreements, and asymmetric information costs attributable to managers having more information about the firms prospects than do investors (Modigliani and Miller, 1958).ReferenceModigliani, Franco and Miller, Merton. (1958). The Cost of Capital, CorporationFinance, and the possible action of Investment. American Economic Review.Pinegar, J. Michael and Wilbricht, Liza. (1989). What Managers Think of CapitalStructure Theory.

Write About The Ways In Which Chaucer Presents Chauntecleer’s Dream?

In the Nuns priests tale, the denizens of the widows barnyard, in particular Chauntecleer and Pertelote are workoutd to poke gaming at very human sorts of behavior. The roosters dream is significant as it and the discussion that follows takes up much of the tale itself. The focus is not on the action (Chauntecleers make prisoner by the fox) but on who is correct. Is Chauntecleers position on dreams correct or is Pertelotes? The extensive discussion of the dream steers the story away from the moral of Chauntecleers vanity.Chaucer uses numerous assorted techniques in-order to present chauntecleers dream to the audience I feel that he presents his dreams very successfully. For instance in the opening line, the use of a discourse marker is super powerful, and so bifel, it immediately catches the readers attention. Bifel, meaning it happened, and so the audience ask themselves, what happened? Furthermore, in line 5 and 6, the use of alliteration helps empathize that chauntecleer is somewhat di try outed, slightly troubled. For example, gan gronen and followed, dreem is drecched. some(prenominal) times in the passage, Chaucer refers to religion he uses the word, God, as part of his sentence or in order to explain something. This highlights that they are significant points in which he is trying to get across. For by that God above, almost means that God is watching at all times. Further down Chaucer creates a sense of imagery, implying that he was almost captured, held in captivity. He does this by involving the words, prisoun and beest sequentially to generate tensity. When describing what the fox looked like on lines 20-25, you also notice that imagery of colour is put into effect, to stress how influential the animal is. Chaucer chooses very fiery colours to do this. bitwixe yellow and reed.Once more, Chaucer includes the technique alliteration, when describing the animal, this in a sense signifies his power. Tipped was his tayl and Snowte Smal. On the res embling line, line 24, Chaucer describes the animal in great detail, very insignificant aspects are included. Again a sense of imagery is created for the audience, Glowynge eyen tweye, this is talking about the eyes of the animal. The use of discourse markers on line 27 and 28 brings the passage to a climax as Pertelote implies that Chauntecleer is a coward. Avoy, which is followed by, how could you? You heartless coward Beneath, is followed by, Allas, in order to take the tension away from the point just brought up.The way Chaucer prevails his dream allows Pertelote to think differently of him, note that Pertelotes indignation at the thought that Chauntecleer might be a coward (and and so unworthy of her love) Chauntecleers gallant compliments to his lady and statements concerning the effect of her beauty upon him his references to the physical side of their passion.All the way through the tale Chaucer perceives the chickens as humans, and he continues to do this in his descriptio n of the dream. To han housbondes hardy, wise and free. This is basically indicating that they are husband and wife almost. But in fact they are just rooster and hen, which are do out to be more than that. In a sense mock-heroic by where Chaucer is exaggerating extensively. When talking about the fox, Chaucer uses the technique, rhetoric, which is the clever use of language which I have already touched upon, for example when describing his eyes the use of language is so complicated yet it is describing something very simple.Overall I feel that Chaucer have been very effective in presenting Chauntecleers dream to the audience, this is only been helped in the techniques that he has included. Personally he interacts very well with the audience because of the way he makes out the two to be elderly humans instead of a rooster and a hen.

Joy of Caring and Sharing

JOY OF CARING AND SHARING Sharing, taking, earning, losing, stealing, squandering, hoarding. These are all human impulses, and truly natural otherwise we wouldnt be human without them. Yet on this list only one position overlap appears in the worlds wisdom traditions. Why is giving or sharing set apart? afterward all, theres no mystery to why someone might want to earn, hoard, squander, or steal a trillion dollars. wholeness way or another, most of our daily actions follow the principle of more is better, whereas giving and sharing means having less.Nobody likes to part with his things. Everyone in this world has an aim of being successful in other haggle having more of everything.. More money, more cars, gadgets, more houses and the list goes on .. If you ask tidy sum like pay off Teresa why they give or what make them serve the needy, the readiest answers offer to the mystery. God wants me to. I witness better about myself. Others need, and I have. I want to share. Its only right. A hazy halo encircles these harmonic answers, and if we bring it into focus, then it seems true that Giving takes you out of yourself.You expand beyond your limitations that are being evermore self-occupied. I want this, I want that, I have to achieve more, me this, me that and somewhere along those lines you are slowly and slowly loosing yourself You might think you are successful, but do you have the character? alas a persons character is what the actual prosperity dwells on. It is something we achieve at every mensuration of life, with ups and downs of our life, and something we would be remembered for and thats what sharing, giving and caring gives you.You feel the triumph of it once you feel it with a polished and clean heart, you will never again hesitate to give or share. We can feel the truly joy of giving when were doing something for others knowing that were simply doing it for ourselves-were doing it for our own joy The people who give more let it be t ime, money, kindness, love, ideas have more of these things because thats the balance. And balance is the natural fairness of life. Also you should never give to get. Youre here to have more to give more. One key in the giving process is never to expect a return when we give. But in reality everyone is centered in their own self. And it involves a tit for tat, this for that, getting and spending. When giving results in an hear are in the form of love, joy, peace, community, charity, caring, self-worth and immense satisfaction. Some visionaries foresee an economy based entirely on giving and sharing. That would be the ideal way to heal the excesses of poverty, lack of food, clothing and other woes. But this is thinkable only when we are out of our self-centered behavior.When we act out of the comfort zone &limitations this is how we realize the joy of giving and sharing I am sure it would cost you nothing to give your old clothes and blankets shoes and etc. to needy and unfortuna te people and feel the joy of caring and sharing , And in addition very important please do propagate this idea as it can give a whole new picture of sharing. After all . Its a small, small world If we dont stand up for each other who will FEEL THE JOY OF SHARING AND CARING BE HAPPY AND SPREAD HAPPINESS (

Bureau of Prisons Regulatory Agency Essay

wellness bursting charge is not just of concern to the private sector. Health C ar r apiecees into the prison system as well. content and state laws have been created to ensure that the prison system provides wellness mission through the medical facilities available. The federal billet of Prisons ( sock) is the government agency that regulates the wellness share that is disposed to federal inmates in the United States. The bash licenses, certifies, accredits, and runs the background checks necessary to obtain employment.Agencys roleCreated on May 14, 1930 by professorship Herbert Hoover the federal official Bureau of Prisons is a subdivision of the United States Justice Department. The have a go at it is responsible for the governing body of the Federal prison system. According to the Bureau of Prisons, Our inmate population consists of people awaiting trial for violating federal laws or those who have already been convicted of committing a federal crime (Federal Inmates , n.d., p. 1). The BOP is responsible for providing compassionate parcel out to the inmates in the system and to help the employees that work in the system to maintain open minds towards the situation of the inmates. This does not mean to give the inmates special treatment still being able to have some savvy of what the inmate is going through being incarcerated. The BOP is responsible for providing health cope to the inmates in reason with federal and state laws.Health billing impactThe BOP provides health tuition for the inmates. The services provided by the BOP are medical, dental, and mental health services. As of May 1, 2014 there are 216,787 inmates and 39,226 staff members in the Federal prison system. For some of the inmates, the health tutelage services received while incarcerated are the freshman they have ever had in their lives. As the current trend of health wellness is moving in front throughout the rest of the country the BOP has adopted the same thought pro cess. Health wellness and barroom is being taught in the prison system to inmates. Counseling is given during visits with health care professionals. Education is given about medications, body wellness, infectious disease prevention, and chroniccare management for heart disease, diabetes, and other chronic health care problem the inmate may have.The medical staff is included in the care the BOP extends throughout the prison system. Clean air environss, safe work spaces, correct equipment is provided to health care workers to provide the best care they can. Care services are coordinated with health care providers in the community that are willing to help inmates with their health issues or that are employed by the BOP to provide services.Example of dutiesTele-health care is a new and innovative way that inmates are able to nark care that is not onsite at the preparedness they are housed in. Efficient health care is recognized in the State of Wisconsin where weekly trips to the c losest health care facility were 55 miles away. Dr. Armand Start says, The system allows physicians to respect the inmate while discussing the case with correctional personnel. Communication is an integral part of diagnosing and treating patients. The physician-to-physician contact similarly empowers the corrections staff to learn more about the conditions of their inmates (Telemedicine, 1995, p. 1). Citizens are very aware of the possibility of the danger involved when transporting prisons anywhere outside of the facility. This option alike gives the surrounding community a sense of peace.Telemedicine also gives inmates the ability to maintain mental health care with their found physician. Inmates who are not able to admit their cells because of sickness, injury, or discipline reasons can still attend their sessions through telemedicine. Also, access to other specialized health care services is recognized through telemedicine that historically would not be available to inmat es.The Federal Bureau of Prisons is responsible for executing lethal injections on the federal level. The Bureau of Prisons maintains the federal location where lethal injections are carried out when an inmate has exhausted all available options to fight their conviction and sentencing. The facility isin Terre Haute, Indiana. The break person executed at the Terre Haute facility was Timothy McVey who bombed the Oklahoma City Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building sidesplitting 168 people. He was executed June 11, 2001.Regulatory authorityThe Federal Bureau of Prisons must adhere to regulations when providing health care to the inmate population. Regulations and guidelines may vary from facility to facility, but the BOP has the authority to intervene regardless the situation. The BOP is responsible for maintaining the regulations that are used so that inmates are not abused or under cared for. Health care services are regulated by the BOP and adherence to the regulations established mus t be followed by the individual facilities.The Bureau of Prisons carefully lists the inmates health care rights and the inmates responsibilities in order have access those rights. In the Federal Correction Institution at net Island, California the Inmate Information Handbook lists out the specific rights to health care access each inmate has and then the handbook lists the inmates responsibility to be able to access the health care. An example is the inmate has the right to access all services on Terminal Island including medical, dental, and all championship services but the inmate has the responsibility to to comply with the health care policies of this institution, and follow recommended treatment plans established for you, by health care providers.You have the responsibility to provide accurate and complete information about complaints, past illnesses, hospitalizations, medications and other matters of care (Handbook, 2011, p. 19). The BOP establishes with the inmate that the inmate does have rights and is entitled to health care but only if the inmates can control themselves and be responsible for their actions. Inmates usually do not note the two aspects listed out in the handbook and believe their rights are being violated when they are playacting violently or unsafely around health care providers. The BOP is very clear on what is expect of the inmate so they can access their health care rights.AccreditationThe American Correctional Association (ACA) develops national standards for the accreditation of correctional facilities. The ACA states, Through accreditation, an agency is able to maintain a balance between protecting the public, and providing an environment that safeguards the life, health and safety of staff and offenders (Accreditation n.d., p. 1). Participating in the accreditation is voluntary by the facility. If a correctional facility wants to be accredited there is an intense 18-month process that has to be completed by the facility. Se lf-evaluations, procedures, and policies are reviewed during the integral three-year accreditation process. Employees are required to have the correct certification or licensure in order to be leased and to maintain employment that is required by the state or agency they work for. Employees must continue to renew their licenses and stay current on their required continuing medical education credits. Although employees are lastly responsible for their licensure the facility must do reviews of employee records to start the process off reminding the employee of eminent expirations.ConclusionThe Federal Bureau of Prisons is the regulating agency that sets the precedent for correctional facilities and prisons in the United States. The Federal Bureau of Prisons regulates the health care given to the inmates that are incarcerated in the prison system. The health care given to the inmates is their right to receive, but they are held to their own responsibilities to be able to access the h ealth care offered to them. The prison health care system is evolving to create a better system for inmates just as the private health care system is evolving throughout the Unites States to provide better health care for its citizens.

How Accurate Was the Term Era of Good Feelings in the United States

In the 1800s fol depleteding the fight of 1812, the term earthyly applied to that era in the United States was known as the era of good feelings. While the United States was growing in some(prenominal) different aspects, such as governmentally, socially and economically, and changing as a country, there are some(prenominal) key factors that denote this term, and nullify its meaning. While the changes were signifi whoremastert, and the United States evolved at an exponential rate after the war of 1812, the accuracy of the term era of good feelings is way off, and the United States was anything but experiencing an era of good feelings. pastime the war of 1812, growth occurred primarily economically, politically, and socially for the United States. These changes indicated symbolize development, expansion of both land and industry, and a sense of unifying patriotism within the citizens of the United States. Although Nationalism seemed to unify the nation, there was more of an card inal indication of a much larger problem, Sectionalism. Sectionalism is a relation to a geographic area. So whereas nation could sop up felt patriotic towards the United States, they related more towards the region they lived in and not the country they were a part of.This sectionalism also indicates a variance in the economic, social and political stances of regions such as the sexual union and the southeastward, and the era of good feelings continued to simply widen that gap. Economically, the United States was experiencing growth. alone looking further into sectionalism, there are two completely different growths present in the northerly United States and the Southern United States. In the north, following the war of 1812, a rapid expansion occurred in the industry of the north.Technological advances such as the textile mills, and factory workers and the increase in the amount of factories in the North helped create a gap in the economy of the north itself. A lower level, comprised of the workers, got low wages and produced high quantities of product, and the middle class, who were the businessmen and managers. This good luck created a class system which benefited the middle class as well as the Northern United States as a whole, as a innocent(p) market economy developed and increased. Although this was increase throughout the United States, this economical situation occurred primarily in the North, and much less in the southern.In the south, the economic increase was much different. Because of the large amounts of plantations and farms in the south, cutting land was needed so that the crops that had dried up the soil could continue to grow and the economy can continue to benefit. This growth in land and economy indicates that the economic benefit in the south came from crops and artless might, rather than industrial. These differences help identify that the era of good feelings and the nationalism that is implied is incorrect and inaccurate, a s people have more of a connection towards the land that they make their money on, which implies sectionalism.Politically, the era of good feelings was extremely off. all the same before the war of 1812, there had always been a major difference in the political parties and systems of the government. A major difference in this coming from extremely opposing ideologies of the parties and the lack of unity between the two. The difference between the parties is also present in Document C, which shows two different party tents during the fourth of july. Whilst the people are generally happy, the party tents show that the difference is quite evident, and especially how only one of the tents has an American flag flying above it.This difference helps show the gap in political unity and the variation between parties. Also, many parties were so discontent with the others, that one (the new England federalists) offered to secede from the Union so as to follow their own system. This shows tha t the era of good feelings only helped widen the gap between parties, as more and more minor parties came into existence. Socially, The United States was anything but experiencing an era of good feelings. The country was experiencing major problems as the south and the north fought for the Missouri compromise.The north, wanting a free state, fought for Missouri to be free. The south, wanting more power, cherished Missouri to be a slave state. The geographical differences indicate less of a feeling of nationalism and an extreme version of sectionalism. This is also evident in Doc F, A geographical line, coinciding with a marked principle, moral and political, once conceived and held up to the angry passions of men, will never be obliterated and either new irritation will mark it deeper and deeper.This quote by Thomas Jefferson emphasizes the difference between the North and South. The usage of the term a geographical line only seems to magnify the situation that the United States is in. If anything nationalism isnt even implied in the document, and the idea of sectionalism strikes itself deep in the line, indicating that the problems between the North and the South is not just a coincidence. It is because of increasing tensions and a lack of unity between the two regions.This rift clearly indicates that the era of good feelings is not only extremely inaccurate, but also opposite of what in truth is occurring, which is an increasing divide in the country, as sectionalism continues to increase geographically, and socially. The era of good feelings is anything but a good feeling for the United States. The 1800s provide a turbulent earthquake that splits the nation economically, politically, and socially. The most common indication of this is the ever increasing difference in between the North and the South, which would culminate in 1861 with the noxious civil war that would leave about 620,000 Americans dead.

Cost Accounting

Publication, individually stake or thoughtlessness that whitethorn have crept in is not intentional. It whitethorn be interpreted note of that neither the publisher nor the author will be responsible for every persecute or loss of any kind arising to any peerless in any manner on account of such errors and omissions. Leaser fictitious character Seated by Banyan College Printing Department Preface am glad to nowadays this book, peculiarly designed to serve the needs of the students. The book has been written keeping in mind the full general functionlessness in netherstanding the fundamental supposition of the topic.The book is self-explanatory and adopts the Teach Yourself style. It is based on question- resolving power pattern. The oral communication of book tried to cover all the basic topics of Softw ar Engineering standardized Analysis, throw up Management, step Testing and Designing. Any further improvement in the contents of the book by making corrections, omis sion and inclusion is keen to be achieved based on suggestions from the reader for which the author shall be obliged. I detect special thanks to Mr.. Eraser Banyan, Chairman & Dry. Sandy Banyan, Director (Cad. Banyan Group of Colleges, who is the backbone and primary(prenominal) concept provider and also have been constant source of motivation throughout this endeavor, who played an wide awake business office in coordinating the assorted stages of this endeavourer and spearheaded the publishing work. I look forward to receiving valuable suggestions from professors of various educational institutions, other faculty members and the students for improvement of the quality of the book. The reader may feel free to commit in their comments and suggestions to the under mentioned address.Author Theoretical QuestionQ. L What do you mean by embody? Anus. embody meaner account of disbursal incurred upon manufacturing of an expression or providing any attend to.Q. 2 Q. 3 What do you understand by speak to. What is meant by toll report. Anus. be is the technique and serve well of determining bell. Anus. Cost accounting is the provision of such analysis and sort of ingestion as will enable to ascertain the tot toll of any particular building block of convergenceion.Q. 4 Mention name of four output for which localise for monetary encourage audit is issued. Cement intentness starting line Industry (2) (4) Electric Industry Factor Industry (3)Q. 5 Anus. (1) What is meant by supplementary personify? What is opportwholey personify? Name four manner of be. social unit compriseing Operating personifying geld being Process courting (2) (3) (4) Anus. Supplementary embody is the make up of product other than require exist.Q. 6 Q. 7 Anus. The economic value of opportunity for gone is noticen as opportunity cost. Anus. (1) develop Cost Unit? Explain term cost centre? Anus. Cost unit is a measurement of any goods or supporter e. G. Per ton km. Per unit. Anus. Cost centre is a location or item of any equipment which atomic bite 18 connected with an undertaking for which cost ar ascertained. Q. II Difference between costing & cost accounting. Anus. 1) be is a dynamic technique in which pitchs may take place promise the cost of make goods. stem turn more detail- http//www. Group. Com 2) Costing include determination of cost. Cost accounting include written text victimisation up and income. (3) Costing meaner technique for determination of cost whereas cost accounting meaner adoption of accounting remains of cost. Q. Al Give two items which argon not include in cost. Anus. Non cost items argon cyberspace on sale of fixed asset, goodwill w/o. Discount on issue of divide etc.Q. 12 What is the variance between cost of goods sold and cost of doing.Anus. Cost of production meaner prime cost + industrial plant operating expense + office overheard while cost of goods sold meaner cost of production + opening origin of E. G. last stock of finished goods.Q. 13 Write two objective of substantive control. Anus. (1) (2) control cost of inventory. permit hooey at right time.Q. 14 What is median(prenominal) wastage of bodily? Anus. Normal wastage of material meaner any wastage referable to normal reason like evaporation.Q. 1 5 What is abnormal wastage? Anus. Any wastage arise due to abnormal. argue like loss by fire, loss by earthquake.Q. 16 What is BBC technique? Anus.It is a technique to control under these material sort out three parts ABA & C A include high value material B include. Medium value material and C include low value material.Q. 17 What is cod purchase. Anus. Under this quinine no stock maintain and material purchase when having its demand.Q. 18 What is economic order amount ? Anus. Economic order quantity is that quantity of material where ordering & carrying cost minimum.Q. 19 What is meant by requital abstracts? Anus. It is a statement and it include detail of wa ges prep ar by cost division with the help of time card, wages sheet.Q. 20 What is idle time? Anus. Idle time meaner no production instant alone wages paid for that time. Fore more detail- http//www. Group. ComQ. 21 Name the method of natural endowment remuneration to workers. Anus. (1) (2) (3) (4) succession set method. Piece account method. Piece rate with guaranteed pay rate derivative instrument piece rate method. No of cooperation x Bag No of workers 100Q. 22 How dig up insulation rate is computed. Anus. Labor turnover rate =Q. 23 What do you understand by time field of force? Anus. Time study is useful is determination of time require by an average worker in a Job.Q. 4 Write the formula of Halley-weir premium plan. AT X RATE + 30% of TTS x rateQ. 25 What is meant by overhead?Under this clause contract price will mixture in equaliser to change in price of material jade & other expenses.Q. 33 What is meant by retention currency? Anus. In case of incomplete contrac t a part of the certified work is paid by the undertake to contractor. Rest of the amount is known as retention money.Q. 34 Mention the names of industries where act upon costing method may be use. Anus. (1) (2) (3) (4) Chemical industries Mining industries. Water & Gas Industries Electric supplyQ. 37 subtend Joint product Anus. Joint product is equivalent type of product equal wideness & valueCost scoreHarvard rail line School 9-192-068 Rev. May 1, 1993 DO A Brief introduction to Cost account T NO Organizations and managers atomic number 18 almost al ways interested in and concerned near cost. Control of past, present, and future cost is part of every managers job. In companies that try to profit profits, control of cost directly affects the amount of profit earned. Knowledge of the cost of products or services is natural for decisions closely pricing or product and service mix. In nonprofit governing bodys, control of cost influences the aim of services that sack be provided and the future survival of the organization.Cost accounting schemes green goddess be important sources of nurture for managers. For this reason, effective managers understand the strengths and limitations of cost accounting systems and actively participate in the evaluation and evolution of cost measurement and management systems. Unlike accounting systems that support the preparation of periodic financial reports, cost accounting systems and reports are not subject to rules or standards such as generally accepted accounting principles. Managers are permitted to consumption as much creativity and ingenuity as they wish in the quest for discipline on be.As a result, there is much variety in cost accounting systems utilise in diametric companies and roughtimes even in different parts of the same organization. PY CO This brief penetration to cost accounting will review the principal uses of cost data, provide any(prenominal)(prenominal) vocabulary for cost accou nting, and present several of the questions managers have to answer in designing or using a cost accounting system. Its purpose is to provide the beginner with some vocabulary and ideas to use in learning round and exploring how cost management systems are designed and apply by managers.While many of the references are to products and manufacturing environments, the vocabulary and concepts are equally applicable to services. Some Uses of Information About be Information slightly cost is used for two purposes in most organizations. Cost accounting systems provide tuition for evaluating the performance of an organisational unit or its manager. They also provide a means for estimating the cost of units of product or service that the organization may manufacture or provide to others. Professor William J. Bruns, Jr. prepared this note as the grounding for class discussion. Copyright 1991 by the President and Fellows of Harvard College. To order copies, call (617) 495-6117 or write the Publishing Division, Harvard Business School, Boston, MA 02163. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, used in a spreadsheet, or transmitted in any form or by any meanselectronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwisewithout the permission of Harvard Business School. 1 192-068 A Brief Introduction to Cost Accounting carrying into action MeasurementDO Reports on the costs incurred by part of an organizationdepartment or a division, for exampleare one means by which efficiency and effectiveness can be evaluated. By comparing actual costs to those that were expectedto standard costs or budgeted coststhe degree to which costs have been controlled can be judged. Deviations from expectationsvariancescan be identified, evaluated, and discussed by managers. If needed, corrective actions can be taken or expectations can be modified to incorporate previously unexpected efficiencies.Performance measurement reporting is normally periodic a nd systematic. Costs are designate to parts of an organization that are identified as cost centers. When managers are held accountable for the costs incurred in a cost center, they are sometimes called responsibility centers. Performance reports provide information on the achievement of established objectives, efficiency of operations, and opportunities for cost control or cost reduction. Performance reports are used for both information and performance measurement and evaluation. T NO product Costs and the Cost of Services schedule cost In manufacturing companies, product costs must be measured to watch the cost of items transferred from work-in-process to finished goods inventory. To satisfy the demands created by the cost concept used in financial reporting, a cost accounting system must measure all of the costs of the manufacturing process and assign some part of those costs to each unit of product. The costs of obtaining, maintaining, and managing the manufacturing facility need to be added to the costs of material and productive labor that each unit requires.The former costs are called indirect costs, and the latter are called direct costs. Generally accepted accounting principles require that inventory cost includes a fair share of sum manufacturing costs, including indirect costs. In practice, there is considerable variation in how indirect costs are assigned to products. Information on costs is indispensable for analyzing the profitableness of a product or product line. Product cost information allows managers to evaluate contri merelyion marginthe difference between price and multivariate costsand gross marginthe difference between price and total product costs.Information well-nigh sales, marketing, and dissemination costs allows managers to evaluate the favourableness of a product or product line. Without good information about costs, managers have no way to gent net income with actions or products about which they make decisions and over w hich they exercise control. Profitability analysis PY CO In companies that offer more than one product or service, information about costs is a key to managing the mix of products or services offered to customers or clients.With cost and profitability information, a manager can direct sales and marketing effort to the most profitable products. trivial products can be eliminated, repriced, or bundled with more profitable products. The importance of product line decisions to future profitability requires confidence that product costs have been accurately determined. Product mix Although prices are determined by market forces of supply and demand, product differentiation and marketing offer many managers some degree of latitude in setting prices.Product costs and trends in product costs oftentimes provide signals to managers that prices should be changed. In particular, a change in the cost of a critical material or component may signal the need to reconsider the prices asked for pr oducts. Pricing 2 A Brief Introduction to Cost Accounting 192-068 DO Cost of service many an(prenominal) products require the seller to provide additional services to customers. In such cases, information about the cost of services is as important to managers as product costs.The same is true for managers of companies or organizations that provide only services. Unless the cost of service is measured, there is no way to know if providing the service is profitable or not and whether changes in pricing or marketing strategy are needed. Cost Behavior T NO Basic knowledge about cost behavior is a prerequisite for understanding, using, or designing cost accounting or cost management systems. The level of cost can be a function of either or both the bulk of act or time when the cost is incurred.Because prices of material, labor, and other resources change as time passes, and because time allows changes in manufacturing methods or service delivery, comparing costs at two points in time can be informative about efficiency. However, understanding the effect of changes in bulk on costs is essential to measuring, analyzing, and using information about costs for both performance measurement and product costing. Relation of Costs to Volume If a telephoner changes the amount of product or service it provides to customers or clients, its total costs will usually change as well.If more product is manufactured and sold, and so we should expect the higher volume to cause costs to plus. However, in many instances, the increase in costs will not be proportional to the increase in product volume. To understand why, the concepts of multivariate costs and fixed costs must be understood. PY CO Variable costs A cost which changes in strict proportionality with volume is called a protean cost. That is, if volume increases by 50%, a variable cost will increase in total by 50% as well. Materials used to create a product are a earthy example of a variable cost item.The total cos t of materials to manufacture 20 units is double the cost to manufacture 10 units. Nonvariable costs A cost that does not vary at all with volume is called a nonvariable, or fixed, cost. Over time the level of a fixed cost may change, but the change is autarkical of the volume of activity. Building rent is usually a nonvariable cost. The rent paid is independent of the number of units of product or service produced in the building or the number of customers served. Nonvariable costs can often be changed by management decisions, but they do not change simply because the volume of activity changes.Semivariable costs Many costs include a combination of variable costs and nonvariable costs. The total amount of these costs varies in the same direction as volume, but less than proportionately with changes in volume. Sometimes semivariable costs can be separated into a fixed portion and a variable portion by isolating elements of the cost. The total cost of driving an automobile is semiva riable with respect to the number of miles driven, but the cost of gasoline, oil, tires, and maintenance may be variable, whereas insurance and registration fees are probably fixed.Often costs are assumed to be variable when they actually are incurred in chunks. Such costs, also known as step-function costs, are fixed for a range of volume of production but change in a chunk when volume drops below or exceeds the limits of the relevant range of volume. The costs of stockroom employees are often chunky. As volume of inventory or products increases, one stockroom employee may be able to superintend material and finished goods until the volume level Chunky costs 3 192-068 A Brief Introduction to Cost Accounting ncreases to the point where another employee must be added. The new staffing level will then be sufficient even as volume rises further until another step is reached. Chunky costs and costs that are not easily related to volume measures usually require special analysis and mana gement. DO Accounting for Costs Classifying Costs The word cost is used many different ways in accounting and by managers. For clarity, other words are often attached to the word cost to enhance its meaning. In cost accounting, costs are usually classified into two categories direct costs and indirect costs.Direct costs can be specifically traced to or are caused by a product, project, organizational unit, or activity. Materials specifically used in the manufacture of a product are an example of a direct cost. Labor specifically employed to provide a service would be another example. Many direct costs are variable costs, but nonvariable costs can also be direct costs if they can be traced directly to a project, organizational unit, or activity. Direct costs T NO When a cost cannot be traced directly to a single product, project, organizational unit, or activity, it is classified as an indirect cost.The rental cost of a factory building making more than one product is an indirect cos t with respect to each product. There is no feasible way to associate specifically an indirect cost with an individual unit or batch of products. validating costs Indirect costs are included in overhead cost, or burden. To account for the full cost of manufacturing products, some portion of the overhead cost must be associated with each unit of product. The methods by which overhead costs are associated with products or services comprise the essence of most cost accounting systems. PY COAccounting for Direct Costs A simplified cost flow chart for a manufacturing company is shown in Exhibit 1. Resources are acquired for cash or on credit and are classified as materials, payroll, or overhead. Payroll, which is classified as indirect cost, becomes part of overhead. In the production process, material, labor, and overhead cost becomes the cost of work-in-process inventory. When completed, work in process becomes finished goods and, later, cost of goods sold. It is easy to understand th e accounting for direct costs such as material and productive labor.As material is converted to product by the effort of production labor, the costs of material used and labor can be associated with products. As products are completed and transferred to finished goods and cost of goods sold, these direct costs are transferred with them. All the cost accountant has to do is keep track of how much material and labor cost is used in producing each unit of product. (Actually, this is a little more complicated than it may sound here, but this brief description captures the essence of the accounting process for these direct costs. ) 4 A Brief Introduction to Cost Accounting 192-068Accounting for Indirect Costs DO Accounting for indirect costs is more complicated than accounting for direct costs. Costs must be collected and associated with activities in advance they can be assigned to products. The relationship between using ups or costs and products or services is often farther from ob vious. Assignment to activities is often based on arbitrary decisions about the possible relationships between the reason for an expenditure and an activity. For example, rent for a building that houses both manufacturing and sales activities might be assigned to each activity in the same ratio as the floor space occupied by each.Then, the manufacturing rent cost may be assigned to products manufactured using a measure of volume or some other measure of effort or activity. Almost all cost accounting systems use a two-stage procedure for assigning indirect costs to products or other cost objects. First, costs are assigned to cost centers, or cost puddles. Second, costs are assigned from each pool to products using cost drivers. The concept of a cost driver is based on the idea that products drive the consumption of resources. T NO The first question that the cost accounting system designer has to answer concerns how many cost centers to use.Using more cost centers than necessary add s complexity and cost to the cost accounting process itself. But using too few cost pools can create a risk that assigned costs will have little relationship to the activities and products that caused the cost to be incurred and resources to be consumed. In a manufacturing plant, the number of cost pools needed may be as small as one if machines, labor, and products are homogenous, or the number needed may be much larger if there is greater diversity in activities or products. In some manufacturing plants, each department, or even each machine, may be treated as a separate cost center. PY COThe second set of questions the cost accounting system designer has to answer concerns how to assign costs to each cost center or cost pool. Expenditures for indirect costs may be assigned based on direct labor cost, floor space, headcounts, or direct costs. to a greater extent complex systems will attempt to implement as much direct charging to each cost pool as possible by using actual measures of the resources used by each cost center. The three set of questions the cost accounting system designer has to answer concerns how to assign the costs collected for each cost center to the products that are manufactured by or pass through that center.Often the costs are assigned in proportion to the use of a resource that is easily measured. Each unit product may be assigned the same proportion of indirect cost as it consumes labor time, labor cost, machine time, or material cost, for example. Given the number and complexity of choices facing the cost accounting system designer and the fact that there are no constraining generally accepted principles of cost accounting, it should be obvious that there is great diversity in the cost accounting systems used by different organizations.A new manager or employee has no choice but to learn about the systems the company uses before using the cost information the system has produced. Every manager has to be continually alert to be sure the cost information available is the right information for the decision or task at hand. 5 Material Inventory Payroll Other Asset and Liability Accounts Overhead PY CO property Acquiring Resources Cost Flow Chart for a Manufacturing Company Work-in-Process Inventory Production Finished Goods Inventory T NO Exhibit 1 192-068 Cost of Goods Sold Sale of Products DO -6-Cost AccountingPublication, any stake or omission that may have crept in is not intentional. It may be taken note of that neither the publisher nor the author will be responsible for any damage or loss of any kind arising to anyone in any manner on account of such errors and omissions. Leaser Type Seated by Banyan College Printing Department Preface am glad to present this book, especially designed to serve the needs of the students. The book has been written keeping in mind the general weakness in understanding the fundamental concept of the topic.The book is self-explanatory and adopts the Teach Yourself style. It is based on question-answer pattern. The language of book tried to cover all the basic topics of Software Engineering like Analysis, Project Management, Quality Testing and Designing. Any further improvement in the contents of the book by making corrections, omission and inclusion is keen to be achieved based on suggestions from the reader for which the author shall be obliged. I acknowledge special thanks to Mr.. Eraser Banyan, Chairman & Dry. Sandy Banyan, Director (Cad. Banyan Group of Colleges, who is the backbone and main concept provider and also have been constant source of motivation throughout this endeavor, who played an active role in coordinating the various stages of this endeavourer and spearheaded the publishing work. I look forward to receiving valuable suggestions from professors of various educational institutions, other faculty members and the students for improvement of the quality of the book. The reader may feel free to send in their comments and suggestions to t he under mentioned address.Author Theoretical QuestionQ. L What do you mean by Cost? Anus.Cost meaner account of expenditure incurred upon manufacturing of an article or providing any service.Q. 2 Q. 3 What do you understand by costing. What is meant by cost accounting. Anus. Costing is the technique and process of determining cost. Anus. Cost accounting is the provision of such analysis and classification of expenditure as will enable to ascertain the total cost of any particular unit of production.Q. 4 Mention name of four product for which order for cost audit is issued. Cement Industry Sugar Industry (2) (4) Electric Industry Factor Industry (3)Q. 5 Anus. (1) What is meant by supplementary cost? What is opportunity cost? Name four method of costing. Unit costing Operating costing Contract costing Process costing (2) (3) (4) Anus. Supplementary cost is the cost of product other than direct cost.Q. 6 Q. 7 Anus. The value of opportunity for gone is known as opportunity cost. Anus. (1) Explain Cost Unit? Explain term cost centre? Anus. Cost unit is a measurement of any goods or service e. G. Per ton km. Per unit. Anus. Cost centre is a location or item of any equipment which are connected with an undertaking for which cost are ascertained. Q. II Difference between costing & cost accounting. Anus. 1) Costing is a dynamic technique in which changes may take place control the cost of manufactured goods. Fore more detail- http//www. Group. Com 2) Costing include determination of cost. Cost accounting include recording expenditure and income. (3) Costing meaner technique for determination of cost whereas cost accounting meaner adoption of accounting system of cost. Q. Al Give two items which are not include in cost. Anus. Non cost items are profit on sale of fixed asset, goodwill w/o. Discount on issue of share etc.Q. 12 What is the difference between cost of goods sold and cost of production.Anus. Cost of production meaner prime cost + works overhead + office over heard while cost of goods sold meaner cost of production + opening stock of E. G. closing stock of finished goods.Q. 13 Write two objective of material control. Anus. (1) (2) control cost of inventory. Provide material at right time.Q. 14 What is normal wastage of material? Anus. Normal wastage of material meaner any wastage due to normal reason like evaporation.Q. 1 5 What is abnormal wastage? Anus. Any wastage arise due to abnormal. Reason like loss by fire, loss by earthquake.Q. 16 What is BBC technique? Anus.It is a technique to control under these material classified three parts ABA & C A include high value material B include. Medium value material and C include low value material.Q. 17 What is SIT purchase. Anus. Under this quinine no stock maintain and material purchase when having its demand.Q. 18 What is economic order quantity ? Anus. Economic order quantity is that quantity of material where ordering & carrying cost minimum.Q. 19 What is meant by wages abstracts? Anus. I t is a statement and it include detail of wages prepare by cost department with the help of time card, wages sheet.Q. 20 What is idle time? Anus. Idle time meaner no production hour but wages paid for that time. Fore more detail- http//www. Group. ComQ. 21 Name the method of giving remuneration to workers. Anus. (1) (2) (3) (4) Time rate method. Piece rate method. Piece rate with guaranteed pay rate Differential piece rate method. No of cooperation x Bag No of workers 100Q. 22 How labor separation rate is computed. Anus. Labor turnover rate =Q. 23 What do you understand by time study? Anus. Time study is useful is determination of time require by an average worker in a Job.Q. 4 Write the formula of Halley-weir premium plan. AT X RATE + 30% of TTS x rateQ. 25 What is meant by overhead?Under this clause contract price will change in proportion to change in price of material labor & other expenses.Q. 33 What is meant by retention money? Anus. In case of incomplete contract a part of th e certified work is paid by the contracted to contractor. Rest of the amount is known as retention money.Q. 34 Mention the names of industries where process costing method may be used. Anus. (1) (2) (3) (4) Chemical industries Mining industries. Water & Gas Industries Electric supplyQ. 37 Define Joint product Anus. Joint product is same type of product equal importance & value